Specifics of the Development of the Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Empire in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries: the Turkestan Aspect
Специфика развития санитарно-эпидемиологической службы Российской империи во второй половине XIX – начале XX в.: туркестанский аспект
Raishev T.T. Kobzeva O.P. Turekulova Z.E. Egamberdieva G.A.
1 December 2025Cherkas Global University Press
Bylye Gody
2025#20Issue 41907 - 1920 pp.
This article examines the history of the development of sanitary and epidemiological services in the Turkestan region during the period of Imperial Russia. In the 60s in the 19th century, during the ‘Turkestan Campaigns,’ the Russian Empire began actively developing Central Asian territories militarily. In this regard, the focus of research interest is on the peculiarities of the empires military medical policy, in particular measures to adapt military personnel to local conditions of service in the region and to combat endemic and epidemic diseases. The particular attention is paid to such issues as health protection, ensuring the combat readiness of Russian military personnel and related measures taken by the regional administration; sanitary and hygienic instability in the Turkestan region and its causes; the spread of cholera and plague epidemics in the region and the organization of quarantine measures, as well as their positive and negative consequences. It has been established, that diseases characteristic of the Turkestan region, such as fever, typhus, malaria, Pendina ulcer (cutaneous leishmaniasis), rishta (dracunculiasis), etc., were widespread among the troops of the Turkestan Military District. Often, the spread of a particular disease depended on the location. It has been established that during this historical period, despite the dominance of Russian military medicine, traditional folk healing continued to exist, while at the same time a symbiosis between these two medical schools began to emerge. The study draws on a wide range of archival sources from the National Archives of the Republic of Uzbekistan, regulatory and legal documents of the Russian Empire, departmental reports, periodicals and academic literature. The use of a military-medical approach and the concept of acculturation, the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity of narrative analysis, and an interdisciplinary approach made it possible to shed light on the main processes of the Russian Empires sanitary and medical policy in the Turkestan region.
epidemiology , history of empires , history of medicine , military doctors , Russian Empire , Turkestan
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National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
South Kazakhstan University named after M. Auezov, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
National University of Uzbekistan
South Kazakhstan University named after M. Auezov
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