Green metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for biomedical applications
Rabiee N. Atarod M. Tavakolizadeh M. Asgari S. Rezaei M. Akhavan O. Pourjavadi A. Jouyandeh M. Lima E.C. Hamed Mashhadzadeh A. Ehsani A. Ahmadi S. Saeb M.R.
April 2022Elsevier B.V.
Microporous and Mesoporous Materials
2022#335
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), known as highly ordered crystalline hybrid structures, are the products of coordination polymerization of transition metals and organic ligands. MOFs are best known for their extensive specific surface area, hierarchically porous and tailorable 1D, 2D, or 3D micro-and nanostructure, and acceptable biocompatibility. Because of the multiplicity of metallic and organic units used in MOFs synthesis, tailor-made MOFs can be synthesized to be served as building blocks of advanced biological materials and systems. Recently, synthesis of green MOFs has received much more attention for nanobiomedicine usage. We review herein synthesis and biomedical application of green MOFs by analyzing their components, including green solvents, ligands, linkers, auxiliary linkers, and sustainable organic precursors. First, MOFs were classified in terms of their general toxicity level and biological behavior by considering the chemistry of ligands, linkers, and green organic precursors. Second, applications of bio-MOFs and nano-MOFs in medicine were categorized. Third, chemistry of green MOFs used as pro-drug and their potential and effects related to bioimaging, drug delivery, and multimodal therapeutics were systematically reviewed and discussed. Fourth, concluding remarks and challenging aspects of future developments of bio-MOFs and nano-MOFs were underlined.
Biomedical applications , Drug delivery , Green synthesis , MOF , Nanomedicine
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Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11155-9161, Iran
School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, NSW, Australia
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, 37185-359, Iran
Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Iran
Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19857-17443, Iran
Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza, Gdańsk, 11/12 80-233, Poland
Department of Physics
School of Engineering
Department of Chemistry
Department of Chemistry
Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry
Institute of Chemistry
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Student Research Committee
Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center
Department of Polymer Technology
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