Pharmacological Properties of Bergapten: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Aspects
Quetglas-Llabrés M.M. Quispe C. Herrera-Bravo J. Catarino M.D. Pereira O.R. Cardoso S.M. Dua K. Chellappan D.K. Pabreja K. Satija S. Mehta M. Sureda A. Martorell M. Satmbekova D. Yeskaliyeva B. Sharifi-Rad J. Rasool N. Butnariu M. Bagiu I.C. Bagiu R.V. Calina D. Cho W.C.
2022Hindawi Limited
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
2022#2022
Bergapten (BP) or 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) is a furocoumarin compound mainly found in bergamot essential oil but also in other citrus essential oils and grapefruit juice. This compound presents antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hypolipemic, and anticancer effects and is successfully used as a photosensitizing agent. The present review focuses on the research evidence related to the therapeutic properties of bergapten collected in recent years. Many preclinical and in vitro studies have been evidenced the therapeutic action of BP; however, few clinical trials have been carried out to evaluate its efficacy. These clinical trials with BP are mainly focused on patients suffering from skin disorders such as psoriasis or vitiligo. In these trials, the administration of BP (oral or topical) combined with UV irradiation induces relevant lesion clearance rates. In addition, beneficial effects of bergamot extract were also observed in patients with altered serum lipid profiles and in people with nonalcoholic fatty liver. On the contrary, there are no clinical trials that investigate the possible effects on cancer. Although the bioavailability of BP is lower than that of its 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) isomer, it has fewer side effects allowing higher concentrations to be administered. In conclusion, although the use of BP has therapeutic applications on skin disorders as a sensitizing agent and as components of bergamot extract as hypolipemic therapy, more trials are necessary to define the doses and treatment guidelines and its usefulness against other pathologies such as cancer or bacterial infections.
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Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, 07122, Spain
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avda. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique, 1110939, Chile
Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile
Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, 4811230, Chile
LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, 5300-253, Portugal
Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007, NSW, Australia
Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Punjab, Phagwara, 144411, India
CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, 4070386, Chile
High School of Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
Department Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animals Science, Lahore, Pakistan
Banats University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, King Michael i of Romania from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, Department of Microbiology, Timisoara, Romania
Multidisciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance, Timisoara, Romania
Preventive Medicine Study Center, Timisoara, Romania
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, 200349, Romania
Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Departamento de Ciencias Básicas
Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics
LAQV-REQUIMTE
Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO)
Discipline of Pharmacy
Department of Life Sciences
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN)
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics
High School of Medicine
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
Facultad de Medicina
Department Pharmacology and Toxicology
Banats University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara
Multidisciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance
Preventive Medicine Study Center
Department of Clinical Pharmacy
Department of Clinical Oncology
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