Neurological, cardiac, musculoskeletal, and renal manifestations of scleroderma along with insights into its genetics, pathophysiology, diagnostic, and therapeutic updates
Prajjwal P. Marsool M.D.M. Yadav V. Kanagala R.S.D. Reddy Y.B. John J. Lam J.R. Karra N. Amiri B. Islam M.U. Nithya V. Marsool A.D.M. Gadam S. Vora N. Hussin O.A.
April 2024John Wiley and Sons Inc
Health Science Reports
2024#7Issue 4
Background: Scleroderma, also referred to as systemic sclerosis, is a multifaceted autoimmune condition characterized by abnormal fibrosis and impaired vascular function. Pathologically, it encompasses the persistent presence of inflammation, abnormal collagen buildup, and restructuring of blood vessels in various organs, resulting in a wide range of clinical symptoms. This review incorporates the most recent scientific literature on scleroderma, with a particular emphasis on its pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and treatment options. Methodology: A comprehensive investigation was carried out on numerous databases, such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, to collect pertinent studies covering diverse facets of scleroderma research. Results: Scleroderma presents with a range of systemic manifestations, such as interstitial lung disease, gastrointestinal dysmotility, Raynauds phenomenon, pulmonary arterial hypertension, renal complications, neurological symptoms, and cardiac abnormalities. Serological markers, such as antinuclear antibodies, anti-centromere antibodies, and anti-topoisomerase antibodies, are important for classifying diseases and predicting their outcomes. Discussion: The precise identification of scleroderma is crucial for promptly and correctly implementing effective treatment plans. Treatment approaches aim to improve symptoms, reduce complications, and slow down the progression of the disease. An integrated approach that combines pharmacological agents, including immunosuppressants, endothelin receptor antagonists, and prostanoids, with nonpharmacological interventions such as physical and occupational therapy is essential for maximizing patient care. Conclusion: Through the clarification of existing gaps in knowledge and identification of emerging trends, our goal is to improve the accuracy of diagnosis, enhance the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions, and ultimately enhance the overall quality of life for individuals suffering from scleroderma. Ongoing cooperation and creative research are necessary to advance the field and achieve improved patient outcomes and new therapeutic discoveries.
cardiac abnormalities , genetics , neurological manifestations , renal complications , scleroderma , systemic sclerosis , therapeutic updates
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Department of Neurology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
Department of Neurology, Al-Kindy College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Department of Internal Medicine, Pt. B. D. S. Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India
Department of Internal Medicine, Mamata Medical College, Telangana, Khammam, India
Department of Internal Medicine, Zaporozhyea State Medical University, Zaporozhyea, Ukraine
Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Somervell Memorial CSI Medical College and Hospital, Neyyāttinkara, India
Department of Internal Medicine, Cebu Institute of Medicine, Cebu, Philippines
Department of Internal Medicine, Osmania Medical College, Telangana, Hyderabad, India
Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Department of Internal Medicine, Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Department of Internal Medicine, S. D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
Department of Medicine, Almanhal University Academy of Science, Khartoum, Sudan
Department of Neurology
Department of Neurology
Department of Internal Medicine
Department of Internal Medicine
Department of Internal Medicine
Department of Internal Medicine
Department of Internal Medicine
Department of Internal Medicine
Cardiovascular Research Center
Department of Internal Medicine
Department of Internal Medicine
Mayo Clinic
B. J. Medical College
Department of Medicine
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