Dwarf galaxies united by dark bosons
Pozo A. Broadhurst T. Smoot G.F. Chiueh T. Luu H.N. Vogelsberger M. Mocz P.
15 April 2024American Physical Society
Physical Review D
2024#109Issue 8
Low-mass galaxies in the local group are dominated by dark matter and comprise the well-studied dwarf spheroidal(dSph) class, with typical masses of 109-1010M⊙ and also the equally numerous ultrafaint dwarfs(UFDs), discovered recently, that are distinctly smaller and denser with masses of only 107-108M⊙. This bimodality amongst low-mass galaxies contrasts with the scale-free continuity expected for galaxies formed under gravity, as in the standard cold dark matter model for heavy particles. Within each dwarf class we find the core radius Rc is inversely related to velocity dispersion σ, quite the opposite of standard expectations, but indicative of dark matter in a Bose-Einstein state, where the uncertainty principle requires Rc×σ is fixed by Plancks constant, h. The corresponding boson mass, mb=h/Rcσ, differs by one order of magnitude between the UFD and dSph classes, with 10-21.4 eV and 10-20.3 eV, respectively. The two-boson species is reinforced by parallel relations seen between the central density and radius of UFD and dSph dwarfs, respectively, each matching the steep prediction, ρc∝Rc-4, for soliton cores in the ground state. Furthermore, soliton cores accurately fit the stellar profiles of UFD and dSph dwarfs where prominent, dense cores appear surrounded by low-density halos, as predicted by our simulations. Multiple bosons may point to a string theory interpretation for dark matter, where a discrete mass spectrum of axions is generically predicted to span many decades in mass, offering a unifying axiverseinterpretation for the observed diversityof dark matter dominated dwarf galaxies.
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Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, E-48080, Spain
Department of Theoretical Physics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, E-48080, Spain
Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, E-48011, Spain
WF Chao Foundation Professor, IAS, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
Energetic Cosmos Laboratory, Nazarbayev University, Nursultan, Kazakhstan
Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, CA, United States
Paris Centre for Cosmological Physics, APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, Paris, Cedex 13 75205, France
Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
National Center for Theoretical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
Department of Physics, Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, MA, United States
Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, 08544, NJ, United States
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, 94550, CA, United States
Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
Department of Theoretical Physics
Ikerbasque
WF Chao Foundation Professor
Energetic Cosmos Laboratory
Physics Department
Paris Centre for Cosmological Physics
Department of Physics
National Center for Theoretical Sciences
Department of Physics
Department of Astrophysical Sciences
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
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