Genetic diversity and origin of Kazakh Tobet Dogs
Perfilyeva A. Bespalova K. Kuzovleva Y. Mussabayev R. Begmanova М. Amirgalyeva A. Vishnyakova O. Nazarenko I. Zhaxsylykova A. Yerzhan A. Perfilyeva Y. Dzhaembaeva T. Khamchukova A. Plakhov K. Torekhanov A. Djansugurova L. Zhunussova G. Bekmanov B.
December 2024Nature Research
Scientific Reports
2024#14Issue 1
The Kazakh Tobet is an indigenous Kazakh dog breed that has been used to guard livestock since ancient times. To understand the genetic structure and phylogenetic relationship of the Kazakh Tobet breed with other herding and livestock guarding dog breeds, we analysed short tandem repeat data of 107 Kazakh Tobet dogs from different regions of Kazakhstan and Mongolia, as well as whole genome sequencing data from two Kazakh Tobet dogs and 43 dogs from 24 working breeds. Our results indicate a high genetic diversity of the Kazakh Tobet, with the average number of alleles per locus ranging from 6.00 to 10.22 and observed heterozygosity ranging from 76 to 78%. The breed has a complex genetic structure characterised by seven different clusters. The neighbour-joining tree constructed based on 14,668,406 autosomal and the maximum likelihood tree based on mitochondrial D-loop sequences indicate a common genetic heritage between the Kazakh Tobet, the Central Asian Shepherd Dog and the Turkish Akbash. The presence of haplotype A18 in the Kazakh Tobets supports the hypothesis of the ancient origin of the breed, which was previously suggested by archaeological finds and written sources. These results provide an important genetic basis for the ongoing efforts to improve the Kazakh Tobet breed, to ensure its preservation as an independent genetic lineage and to recognise a breed on an international level.
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Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan
Laboratory of Informational Processes Analysis and Modelling, Institute of Information and Computational Technologies, Almaty, 050000, Kazakhstan
Department of Сynology, Republican Federation of Public Associations of Hunters and Hunting Societies “Kansonar”, Almaty, 050008, Kazakhstan
Department of Сynology, Republican Federation of Public Associations of Hunters and Hunting Societies “Kansonar”, Astana, 020000, Kazakhstan
Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunobiotechnology, M.A. Aitkhozhin’s Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, 050012, Kazakhstan
National Veterinary Chamber of Kazakhstan, Almaty, 050019, Kazakhstan
Laboratory of Biocenology and Hunting management, Institute of Zoology, Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan
Kazakh Research Institute of Livestock and Fodder Production, Almaty, 050071, Kazakhstan
Laboratory of Molecular Genetics
Laboratory of Informational Processes Analysis and Modelling
Department of Сynology
Department of Сynology
Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunobiotechnology
National Veterinary Chamber of Kazakhstan
Laboratory of Biocenology and Hunting management
Kazakh Research Institute of Livestock and Fodder Production
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