Human Y chromosome haplogroup L1-M22 traces Neolithic expansion in West Asia and supports the Elamite and Dravidian connection
Pathak A.K. Simonian H. Ibrahim I.A.A. Hrechdakian P. Behar D.M. Ayub Q. Arsanov P. Metspalu E. Yepiskoposyan L. Rootsi S. Endicott P. Villems R. Sahakyan H.
21 June 2024Elsevier Inc.
iScience
2024#27Issue 6
West and South Asian populations profoundly influenced Eurasian genetic and cultural diversity. We investigate the genetic history of the Y chromosome haplogroup L1-M22, which, while prevalent in these regions, lacks in-depth study. Robust Bayesian analyses of 165 high-coverage Y chromosomes favor a West Asian origin for L1-M22 ∼20.6 thousand years ago (kya). Moreover, this haplogroup parallels the genome-wide genetic ancestry of hunter-gatherers from the Iranian Plateau and the Caucasus. We characterized two L1-M22 harboring population groups during the Early Holocene. One expanded with the West Asian Neolithic transition. The other moved to South Asia ∼8-6 kya but showed no expansion. This group likely participated in the spread of Dravidian languages. These South Asian L1-M22 lineages expanded ∼4-3 kya, coinciding with the Steppe ancestry introduction. Our findings advance the current understanding of Eurasian historical dynamics, emphasizing L1-M22’s West Asian origin, associated population movements, and possible linguistic impacts.
genomic analysis , genomics , human geography , paleogenetics , sequence homology
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Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
Armenian DNA Project at Family Tree DNA, Houston, 77008, TX, United States
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
Monash University Malaysia Genomics Platform, School of Science, Monash University, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Malaysia
Chechen-Noahcho DNA Project at Family Tree DNA, Kostanay, 110008, Kazakhstan
Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Institute of Molecular Biology of National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia
Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Dorset, Poole, BH12 5BB, United Kingdom
Department of Linguistics, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, 96822, Hawaii, United States
DFG Center for Advanced Studies, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany
Estonian Biocentre
Department of Human Genetics
Armenian DNA Project at Family Tree DNA
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Monash University Malaysia Genomics Platform
Chechen-Noahcho DNA Project at Family Tree DNA
Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics
Department of Archaeology and Anthropology
Department of Linguistics
DFG Center for Advanced Studies
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