Electrolyte design strategies for next-generation supercapacitors and metal-ion batteries
Pan X. Li W. Lai X. Liang Y. Jiang Z. Luo X. Hu R.
December 2025Springer Nature
Emergent Materials
2025#8Issue 86843 - 6917 pp.
Electrolytes, as the lifeblood of energy storage systems, play a pivotal role in determining the performance metrics of supercapacitors and metal-ion batteries, including energy density, power output, cycle life, and safety. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of composition–performance relationships across aqueous, organic, ionic liquid, and solid-state electrolyte systems, with particular emphasis on their adaptability challenges and innovative solutions for electric double-layer capacitors, pseudocapacitors, and lithium/sodium/potassium/zinc-ion batteries. For supercapacitor applications, the breakthroughs have been achieved through high-concentration electrolytes (e.g., Water-in-Salt systems), by which the voltage window is extended to 3.0 V, and through solid-state electrolytes that enable flexible device integration. Regarding metal-ion batteries,the synergistic effects of novel fluorinated solvents, multifunctional additives, and composite solid-state electrolytes are elucidated in enhancing interfacial stability and energy density, with energy densities exceeding 500 Wh/kg being achieved and capacity retention rates > 90% being maintained after 200 cycles. Furthermore, the transformative impact of AI-driven high-throughput screening on accelerating electrolyte molecular design is analyzed and forward-looking perspectives are provided on emerging technologies, including all-solid-state devices, biodegradable electrolytes, and multivalent ion transport systems. This work offers both theoretical foundations and practical design guidelines for next-generation energy storage systems with superior safety and energy density.
Electrolyte , High concentration electrolyte , Metal ion battery , Solid electrolyte , Supercapacitor
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Zhongshan Advanced New Functional Materials Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhongshan Polytechnic, Zhongshan, 528400, China
Institute of Combustion Problems, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Bogenbay Batyr Str. 1721, Almaty, 050012, Kazakhstan
Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan, 60965, Poland
School of Energy Science and Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Zhongshan Advanced New Functional Materials Engineering Technology Research Center
Institute of Combustion Problems
Faculty of Chemical Technology
School of Energy Science and Technology
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
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