Water consumption of rice depending on the methods of its cultivation and irrigation

Ospanbayev Z. Doszhanova A. Sembayeva A. Myrzabaeva G. Tuyakbayeva A. Ualiyeva R. Zhangazin S. Arynova S.
July 2025 University of Guilan

Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences
2025 #23 Issue 3 685 - 690 pp.

This study evaluated the low-input rice cultivation practices in the salinity of the Ili-Bakhshakhsh watershed in Kazakhstan using an analysis of four irrigation systems (traditional flooding, intermittent irrigations, direct sowing, and subsurface drip irrigations) over two cropping seasons. The findings revealed that direct-seeded rice (DSR) was the most efficient system that reduced water application by 41% (19,800 m³ ha^-1) and improved water productivity by 100% (0.48 kg m^-3). This strategy ensured economic feasibility through 2.1 benefit-cost ratio, controlled soil salinity by 66.6% (ECe final = 6.8 dS m^-1), and improved the yield sustainability coefficient to 0.88. Alternate irrigation (AWD) and subsurface drip systems (SDI) also conserved 34% and 47% of water, respectively, but owing to technical and economic constraints, the application of SDI was not typically instituted. The results confirm DSRs potential for relief of water stress in Lake Bakhshakhash and offer a long-term model for arid regions in Central Asia.

Direct planting , Ili-Bakhshakhash basin , Irrigation in the subsurface , Rice , Water use optimization

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Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Abay st. 8, Almaty, 050043, Kazakhstan
Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing, Yerlepesova St. 1, Almalybak, 040909, Kazakhstan
L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpayev St. 2, Astana, 010008, Kazakhstan
Toraighyrov University, Lomov St. 64, Pavlodar, 140008, Kazakhstan

Kazakh National Agrarian Research University
Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing
L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Toraighyrov University

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