The Re-emergence of Diphtheria Amidst Multiple Outbreaks in Nigeria
Omosigho P.O. John O.O. Adigun O.A. Hassan H.K. Olabode O.N. Micheal A.S. Haruna U.A. Singh A. Manirambona E.
2024Bentham Science Publishers
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets
2024#24Issue 4
Diphtheria, a vaccine-preventable disease, has resurfaced in Nigeria, where many outbreaks have been reported in recent years. The outbreaks have occurred across the country, including in areas with high vaccination coverage. Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the causal agent, is a highly contagious bacteria that can cause severe respiratory and systemic symptoms and can be fatal if not treated. The reemergence of diphtheria in Nigeria is most likely due to a combination of factors, including gaps in routine immunization regimens. The outbreak is further aggravated by multiple epi-demics, which have diverted resources and attention away from the emergency of other infectious diseases. Furthermore, there is a lack of awareness of diphtheria in Nigeria. With a focus on the diffi-culties in controlling the disease, methods of diagnosis, available treatments, and preventive measures, this study provides a thorough analysis of diphtheria, covering its historical context, clinical presentation, associated complications, and current outbreaks. It emphasizes how important vac-cination, early detection, and better access to healthcare are in reducing diphtheria outbreaks. The study highlights the serious effects of diphtheria on public health, particularly in regions with scarce resources and vaccine resistance, and offers a number of suggestions to overcome these challenges and prevent further outbreaks.
bacterial infection , Corynebacterium diphtheriae , Diphtheria , diphtheria toxin , outbreak , reemergence
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Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Edo State University Uzairue, Benin, Nigeria
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, Abeokuta, Nigeria
Kwara State University, Malete, Kwara State, Ilorin, Nigeria
Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Osun State, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Adeleke University, Osun State, Ede, Nigeria
Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, Moga, 142001, India
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
Department of Medical Laboratory Science
Department of Medical Laboratory Science
Kwara State University
Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex
Department of Public Health
Nazarbayev University School of Medicine
Department of Pharmaceutics
College of Medicine and Health Sciences
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