Prevalence and Control of Avian Metapneumovirus Infection in Poultry Farms of Kazakhstan
Omarbekova U. Mussoyev A. Abutalip A. Mussayeva I. Bazarbayev R.
January 2026International Information and Engineering Technology Association
International Journal of Design and Nature and Ecodynamics
2026#21Issue 1105 - 115 pp.
The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and impact of preventive measures to reduce metapneumovirus infection (MPVI) in poultry in Kazakhstan. The study was conducted during 2024 on 12 poultry farms located in the northern and southern regions of the country, encompassing a total monitored population of over 50,000 birds. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were employed as diagnostic methods. For molecular diagnostics, tracheal washings, cloacal swabs, and faecal samples from 240 age-stratified poultry were analysed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Serological monitoring was conducted by ELISA on serum samples from 100 birds per farm. Vaccinated and unvaccinated poultry served as contemporaneous control groups under comparable management conditions to evaluate vaccination and biosafety measures. PCR detected viral ribonucleic acid in 72% of poultry under two months of age (χ2 = 21.9, df = 2, p < 0.05), indicating high susceptibility of young poultry to infection. Immunoenzyme analysis confirmed the presence of antibodies in 65% of poultry (χ2 = 18.3, df = 1, p < 0.05), which enabled an effective assessment of the immune status of the population after vaccination. Vaccination with Hipraviar SHS demonstrated high efficacy, reducing the incidence of infection by an average of 50% among vaccinated poultry compared to unvaccinated poultry (χ2 = 24.6, df = 1, p < 0.05). Moreover, reduced severity of symptoms and shorter duration of illness were observed among vaccinated poultry. Additional biosecurity measures, such as regular disinfection of facilities and equipment, reduced poultry crowding rates, and increased veterinary control, reduced infection rates by up to 25% in poultry farms where these measures were implemented (χ2 = 19.6, df = 1, p < 0.05). An integrated approach, including accurate diagnosis, effective vaccination, and strict sanitary measures, proved effective in controlling MPVI, substantially reducing not only the prevalence of the disease but also the associated economic losses. These findings provide a practical, evidence-based framework for regional disease control and demonstrate that comprehensive prevention strategies can substantially mitigate economic losses in Kazakhstan’s poultry industry by improving flock health, productivity, and epidemiological stability. Copyright:
enzyme immunoassay , epizootological analysis , farm , polymerase chain reaction , poultry farm , sanitary control , vaccination , veterinary medicine
Text of the article Перейти на текст статьи
Department of Biological Safety, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan
Department of Biological Safety
10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель
Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026