Analysis of midrapidity pT distributions of the charged pions and kaons, protons and antiprotons in Pb + Pb collisions at snn = 5.02 TeV using new combined Tsallis-Hagedorn function with transverse flow


Olimov K.K. Fedosimova A. Liu F.-H. Kakhorova A.N. Ibraimova S. Bondar E.
January 2026Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH

European Physical Journal Plus
2026#141Issue 1

The transverse momentum spectra of particles coming from high-energy collisions can generally be divided into the lower and higher pT parts, where mostly the soft and hard processes contribute, respectively. In this paper, we have presented the new combined Tsallis-Hagedorn function with transverse flow in an attempt to describe better the longer range of pT spectra of hadrons. This new model function combines thermodynamically consistent Tsallis distribution with embedded transverse flow and QCD inspired Hagedorn function, assuming independence of the soft and hard processes, which contribute to the lower and higher parts of pT distribution. In order to study an influence of the pT fit range on the values of the parameters and quality of fits, the experimental midrapidity transverse momentum distributions of the charged pions and kaons, protons and antiprotons in ten centrality classes in Pb + Pb collisions at snn = 5.02 TeV, measured by the ALICE Collaboration, have been analyzed using simultaneous minimum χ2 fits by the introduced combined Tsallis-Hagedorn function with transverse flow in two pT fit ranges up to 5 and 8 GeV/c. The results obtained using combined Tsallis-Hagedorn function with transverse flow for kinetic freeze-out temperature and average transverse flow velocity as well as non-extensivity parameter q, and dependencies of these parameters on collision centrality, have been compared systematically with those obtained using thermodynamically consistent Tsallis function with embedded transverse flow. On the whole, both functions have resulted in comparably good fit qualities and similar trends of collision centrality dependencies of the extracted kinetic freeze-out parameters, confirming the important findings of the earlier work in both shorter and longer pT fit ranges.



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Physical-Technical Institute of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Chingiz Aytmatov Str. 2B, Tashkent, 100084, Uzbekistan
New Uzbekistan University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
National University of Science and Technology MISIS (NUST MISIS), Almalyk Branch, Almalyk, Uzbekistan
Institute of Physics and Technology, Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Institute of Theoretical Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
Samarkand State University Named After Sh. Rashidov, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

Physical-Technical Institute of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences
New Uzbekistan University
National University of Science and Technology MISIS (NUST MISIS)
Institute of Physics and Technology
Institute of Nuclear Physics
Institute of Theoretical Physics
Samarkand State University Named After Sh. Rashidov

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