Current issues of molecular diagnostics of bladder cancer
Nurman D.G. Karim A.K. Akhnazarov S.K. Mukashev S.T. Demissenov O.M.
December 2021Universidad Tecnica de Manabi
International Journal of Health Sciences
2021#5Issue 3286 - 301 pp.
Nowadays, it is generally accepted that cancer is a genetic disease. Tumor cells appear due to the accumulation of mutations in critical proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Urothelial bladder cancer is a frequent oncological pathology, and therefore it is a significant social problem. The practical relevance of the study is due to the fact that the findings can significantly improve the efficiency of bladder cancer diagnosis. The purpose of the study was to consider all modern methods for diagnosing bladder cancer in one paper. As a research method, the analysis of scientific data obtained from the experimental study of bladder cancer was carried out. According to the data of the investigated sources, a fairly large number of scientists believe that bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common tumors affecting the urinary tract. It is believed that important prognostic factors include the presence of vascular invasion and tumor complexes in the vessels, which increases the risk of the secondary neoplasm growth even at the pT1 stage. However, when assessing vascular invasion, pathologists often mistake the cracks formed around the tumor complexes for vessels. In this case, the study suggests conducting an immunohistochemical analysis for clear visualization of blood vessels. International Journal of Health Sciences
Antiangiogenic therapy , Chemotherapy , Malignant tumors , Tumor , Tumor marker
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Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Astana Medical University
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