Modern Methods of Obtaining Synthetic Oil from Unconventional Hydrocarbon Raw Materials: Technologies, Catalysts, and Development Prospects
Nurlybayeva A. Yermekova A. Taubayeva R. Sarova N. Sapiyeva A. Mateeva S. Matniyazova G. Bulekbayeva K. Jetpisbayeva G. Tamabekova M.
March 2025Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Polymers
2025#17Issue 6
This article considers modern approaches to obtaining synthetic oil from unconventional hydrocarbon feedstocks, including plastic waste, tires, biomass, coal, and extra-heavy oil. Particular attention is paid to multi-stage technologies, such as pyrolysis, catalytic depolymerization, gasification followed by Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, and hydrocracking of heavy residues. The important role of catalysts in increasing the selectivity and economic efficiency of processes is noted: nanostructured, bifunctional, and pollution-resistant systems are increasingly used. Economic factors influencing the competitiveness of this industry are considered, including the volatility of prices for traditional oil, government support measures, and the development of waste logistics infrastructure. It is emphasized that the strengthening of the position of synthetic oil is associated with the growth of environmental requirements stimulating the recycling of plastics, tires, and biomass; at the same time, compliance with high environmental standards and transparency of emission control play a critical role in the social aspects of projects. In addition to improving the environmental situation, the development of synthetic oil contributes to the creation of jobs, the resolution of problems of shortage of classical oil fields, and the increase of energy security. It is concluded that further improvement of technologies and integration into industrial clusters can turn this sphere into a significant component of the future energy sector.
catalytic depolymerization , energy security , environmental aspects , pyrolysis , synthetic oil , unconventional hydrocarbon feedstock , waste economics
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Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Dulaty Taraz University, M.Kh, Taraz, 080000, Kazakhstan
Department of Chemistry, Dulaty Taraz University, M.Kh, Taraz, 080000, Kazakhstan
Department of Chemistry, Kazakh National Medical University named after S.D. Asfendiyarov, Almaty, 050012, Kazakhstan
Department of General and Biological Chemistry, Astana Medical University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Higher School of Natural Sciences, Astana International University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
School-Gymnasium 97, Astana, 020000, Kazakhstan
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
Department of Chemistry
Department of Chemistry
Department of General and Biological Chemistry
Higher School of Natural Sciences
School-Gymnasium 97
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