EZ-SEP: Extended Z-SEP routing protocol with hierarchical clustering approach for wireless heterogeneous sensor network
Nurlan Z. Zhukabayeva T. Othman M.
2 February 2021MDPI AG
Sensors (Switzerland)
2021#21Issue 41 - 19 pp.
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are networks of thousands of nodes installed in a defined physical environment to sense and monitor its state condition. The viability of such a network is directly dependent and limited by the power of batteries supplying the nodes of these networks, which represents a disadvantage of such a network. To improve and extend the life of WSNs, scientists around the world regularly develop various routing protocols that minimize and optimize the energy consumption of sensor network nodes. This article, introduces a new heterogeneous-aware routing protocol well known as Extended Z-SEP Routing Protocol with Hierarchical Clustering Approach for Wireless Heterogeneous Sensor Network or EZ-SEP, where the connection of nodes to a base station (BS) is done via a hybrid method, i.e., a certain amount of nodes communicate with the base station directly, while the remaining ones form a cluster to transfer data. Parameters of the field are unknown, and the field is partitioned into zones depending on the node energy. We reviewed the Z-SEP protocol concerning the election of the cluster head (CH) and its communication with BS and presented a novel extended mechanism for the selection of the CH based on remaining residual energy. In addition, EZ-SEP is weighted up using various estimation schemes such as base station repositioning, altering the field density, and variable nodes energy for comparison with the previous parent algorithm. EZ-SEP was executed and compared to routing protocols such as Z-SEP, SEP, and LEACH. The proposed algorithm performed using the MATLAB R2016b simulator. Simulation results show that our proposed extended version performs better than Z-SEP in the stability period due to an increase in the number of active nodes by 48%, in efficiency of network by the high packet delivery coefficient by 16% and optimizes the average power consumption compared to by 34.
LEACH protocol , SEP , WMN , WMSN , WSN , Z-SEP
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Faculty of Information Technology, L.N. Gumilyov, Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, CO 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Communication Technology and Network, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
Laboratory of Computational Science and Mathematical Physics, Institute of Mathematical Research (INSPEM), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
Faculty of Information Technology
Department of Communication Technology and Network
Laboratory of Computational Science and Mathematical Physics
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