Road and Transport Network and Infrastructure of the Southern Trans-Urals and Northern Kazakhstan in the New Times from the Point of View of the Global-Historical Approach
Дорожно-транспортная сеть и инфраструктура Южного Зауралья и Северного Казахстана в Новое время с точки зрения глобально-исторического подхода
Nikonova O.Yu. Samigulov G.Kh.
December 2025Cherkas Global University Press
Bylye Gody
2025#20Issue 41637 - 1648 pp.
Historical roads are one of the rather traditional and at the same time not well enough studied topics. The proposed publication examines a peculiar connection – Northern Kazakhstan and the Southern Urals, as two interconnected areas of the functioning of the global road network in Eurasia. This territory as a whole has been included in the system of Eurasian movements since ancient times, but the specifics of the road development is determined by landscape and topographic features. In the steppe, the road routes determine the presence of water sources and fords across rivers, in the mountains – the presence of passes convenient for the passage of pack animals or wheeled transport. Northern Kazakhstan and the Urals are united by the fact that the roads that passed here were mainly transit in nature. These routes connected centers located in Central Asia, Europe and Siberia. The situation changed somewhat in the 18th century AD, when the Orenburg border line emerged and exchange yards were founded in the cities of Orenburg, Orsk, and Troitsk. These exchange yards functioned as large trading centers, where goods were exchanged and sold. In addition, they served as transit points. Thus, goods brought to the Troitsk exchange yard on camels could then be sent to the Makaryevskaya or Irbitskaya fair by horse-drawn convoy. Border trade was accompanied by the involvement of the local population, in particular, the Kazakhs. The Kazakhs were regular participants in trade at exchange yards, bringing cattle for sale, bringing skins. They also were guarding caravans.
exchange , Kazakhstan , route , Siberia , trade
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South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Scientific Research Center “Dasht-i-Kipchak”, Astana, Kazakhstan
South Ural State University
Scientific Research Center “Dasht-i-Kipchak”
10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель
Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026