EFND: A Semantic, Visual, and Socially Augmented Deep Framework for Extreme Fake News Detection

Nadeem M.I. Ahmed K. Li D. Zheng Z. Alkahtani H.K. Mostafa S.M. Mamyrbayev O. Abdel Hameed H.
January 2023 MDPI

Sustainability (Switzerland)
2023 #15 Issue 1

Due to the exponential increase in internet and social media users, fake news travels rapidly, and no one is immune to its adverse effects. Various machine learning approaches have evaluated text and images to categorize false news over time, but they lack a comprehensive representation of relevant features. This paper presents an automated method for detecting fake news to counteract the spread of disinformation. The proposed multimodal EFND integrates contextual, social context, and visual data from news articles and social media to build a multimodal feature vector with a high level of information density. Using a multimodal factorized bilinear pooling, the gathered features are fused to improve their correlation and offer a more accurate shared representation. Finally, a Multilayer Perceptron is implemented over the shared representation for the classification of fake news. EFND is evaluated using a group of standard fake news datasets known as “FakeNewsNet”. EFND has outperformed the baseline and state-of-the-art machine learning and deep learning models. Furthermore, the results of ablation studies have demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed framework. For the PolitiFact and GossipCop datasets, the EFND has achieved an accuracy of 0.988% and 0.990%, respectively.

misinformation/disinformation , Multimodal Factorized Bilinear pooling , multimodal fake news detection , natural language processing , social sensing

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School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computers and Information, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
Institute of Information and Computational Technologies, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan
Faculty of Computer and Information Systems, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
Khaybar Applied College, Taibah University, Medina, 42353, Saudi Arabia

School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence
Department of Information Systems
Computer Science Department
Institute of Information and Computational Technologies
Faculty of Computer and Information Systems
Khaybar Applied College

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