Energy conditions in f(Q,Lm) gravity
Myrzakulov Y. Donmez O. Koussour M. Muminov S. Ostemir D. Rayimbaev J.
April 2025Springer Nature
European Physical Journal C
2025#85Issue 4
We are experiencing a golden age of experimental cosmology, with exact and accurate observations being used to constrain various gravitational theories like never before. Alongside these advancements, energy conditions play a crucial theoretical role in evaluating and refining new proposals in gravitational physics. We investigate the energy conditions (WEC, NEC, DEC, and SEC) for two f(Q,Lm) gravity models using the FLRW metric in a flat geometry. Model 1, f(Q,Lm)=-αQ+2Lm+β, features linear parameter dependence, satisfying most energy conditions while selectively violating the SEC to explain cosmic acceleration. The EoS parameter transitions between quintessence, a cosmological constant, and phantom energy, depending on α and β. Model 2, f(Q,Lm)=-αQ+λ(2Lm)2+β, introduces nonlinearities, ensuring stronger SEC violations and capturing complex dynamics like dark energy transitions. While Model 1 excels in simplicity, Model 2’s robustness makes it ideal for accelerated expansion scenarios, highlighting the potential of f(Q,Lm) gravity in explaining cosmic phenomena.
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Department of General and Theoretical Physics, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, 010008, Kazakhstan
College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, 54200, Kuwait
Department of Physics, University of Hassan II Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
Mamun University, Bolkhovuz Street 2, Khiva, 220900, Uzbekistan
New Uzbekistan University, Movarounnahr Street 1, Tashkent, 100007, Uzbekistan
Urgench State University, Kh. Alimjan Str. 14, Urgench, 221100, Uzbekistan
Department of General and Theoretical Physics
College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Physics
Mamun University
New Uzbekistan University
Urgench State University
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