Adsorption Kinetics, Equilibrium, and in Vitro Release of Ceftriaxone Using Surfactant-Modified Mongolian Natural Zeolite
Myagmar A. Poturcu K. Byambasuren K. Urnukhsaikhan E. Bayanjargal O. Akcil A. Davaasambuu S.
18 March 2026John Wiley and Sons Inc
ChemistrySelect
2026#11Issue 11
Mineral-based carriers, like zeolites, are gaining attention as promising materials for novel drug delivery systems because of their unique structures and suitability for drug loading. This study investigates Mongolian natural zeolite (MNZ) modified with the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) as an adsorbent for ceftriaxone (CFT) delivery and evaluates the system using several instrumental techniques. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed decreased peak intensity and shifts after CFT adsorption, indicating strong interactions, while peaks at 2800–3000 cm−1 confirmed alkyl groups from HDTMA, enhancing hydrophobicity. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated a 12.3% weight loss, confirming CFT adsorption, and scanning electron microscopy images showed morphological changes with CFT aggregates on the surface. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis indicated a fourfold increase in surface area after CFT loading. Kinetic studies suggested that CFT adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model, implying chemisorption. The Freundlich isotherm model provided an excellent fit for multilayer adsorption across temperatures. Remarkably, the zero-order release kinetic model fitted the CFT release data well (R2 = 0.9804), highlighting the systems controlled release potential. These findings demonstrate that natural zeolites, with their high surface area, porosity, and modifiable surfaces, are effective platforms for antibiotic delivery and controlled-release applications.
antibiotic , controlled release , hexadecyltrimethylammonium , mineral , pseudo-second order , release kinetic , zero order
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Department of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Mineral-Metal Recovery and Recycling Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
Department of Medical Chemistry, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
School of Mining and Geosciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
Department of Chemistry and Biological Engineering
Mineral-Metal Recovery and Recycling Research Group
Department of Medical Chemistry
Department of Chemistry
Department of Chemistry
Department of Biology
School of Mining and Geosciences
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