Revolutionizing dye removal in wastewater: An optimization study of curcumin-functionalized zeolite beads for methylene blue adsorption
Mutalib N.F.A.A. Seitkhan A. Othman M.B.H. Ramle A.Q. Salleh N.M. Othman M.H.D. Hubadillah S.K. Jamalludin M.R. Yusof N.N. Adam M.R.
1 September 2025Elsevier B.V.
Surfaces and Interfaces
2025#72
The accelerated development of industrialization has resulted in the extensive discharge of dyes into aquatic habitats, creating significant health hazards due to their poisonous and cancer-causing characteristics. This work introduces a new adsorbent called CUR-CPTMS-NZC, constructed of curcumin-functionalized natural zeolite clinoptilolite encapsulated in alginate beads. This adsorbent aims to improve the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from wastewater. The functionalized adsorbent underwent characterization utilizing FT-IR, TGA, N2 gas adsorption-desorption, SEM, and zeta potential studies. The adsorption assessments examined the impact of contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, and pH on the efficacy of removing MB. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD) was employed to optimize the adsorption conditions, improving efficiency in removing dyes. Under optimized conditions: pH 7.8, adsorbent dosage of 0.5 g/L, and MB concentration of 13 mg/L, CUR-CPTMS-NZC beads achieved 100 % removal efficiency. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 69.81 mg/g, demonstrating the high efficiency of the adsorbent. Regeneration studies have verified the capacity to reuse the adsorbent for six cycles with less than 25 % reduction in the removal efficiency. This study offers an enduring remedy for the issue of dye contamination in wastewater, hence encouraging environmental sustainability and promoting breakthroughs in wastewater treatment technologies.
Adsorption optimization , Alginate beads , Curcumin-functionalized zeolite , Response surface methodology , Wastewater treatment
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Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Minden, 11800, Malaysia
Laboratory of Engineering Profile, Satbayev University, 22 Satbayev Str., Almaty, Kazakhstan
Academic Research Management, Group Technology and Commercialisation, PETRONAS Research Sdn Bhd, Selangor, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Malaysia
Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Skudai, 81310, Malaysia
School of Technology Management and Logistics, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Kedah, Sintok, 06010, Malaysia
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kampus Alam UniMAP, Pauh Putra, Perlis, Arau, 02600, Malaysia
School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang, 11800, Malaysia
Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC)
Laboratory of Engineering Profile
Academic Research Management
Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC)
School of Technology Management and Logistics
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology
School of Physics
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