Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle therapy in breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies
Mussin N.M. Zhilisbayeva K.R. Baspakova A. Ishimova L.A. Kurmanalina M.A. Tamadon A.
19 March 2026Cell Press
Molecular Therapy Oncology
2026#34Issue 1
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have emerged as promising cell-free therapeutics for breast cancer due to their innate tumor tropism and molecular delivery capacity. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the in vitro therapeutic potential and safety of MSC-EVs. A comprehensive search up to July 2025 identified 58 eligible studies. Quantitative data were extracted on cell viability, apoptosis, and migration, along with EV source, cargo, and engineering strategy. Random-effects meta-analyses showed that MSC-EV treatment significantly reduced cancer cell viability (standardized mean difference [SMD] = –4.79), inhibited migration (SMD = –4.70), and increased apoptosis (SMD = +4.16). Effects were consistent across major cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and 4T1) and MSC sources (bone marrow, adipose, and umbilical cord), despite moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 50%–70%). Notably, unmodified bone marrow MSC-EVs carrying miR-23b were associated with dormancy induction in vivo, whereas engineered EVs loaded with therapeutic miRNAs or drugs and modified with targeting ligands demonstrated improved specificity and efficacy. Precision engineering of MSC-EVs can enhance antitumor activity but requires stringent cargo control to avoid dormancy risks. Only in vitro data were quantitatively analyzed, while in vivo findings were discussed for mechanistic context, providing a methodological foundation for future translational research.
breast cancer , drug delivery , exosomes , extracellular vesicles , mesenchymal stem cells , meta-analysis , miRNA , MT: Regular Issue , PRISMA , tumor dormancy
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Department of General Surgery No. 2, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
Department of Languages, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
Department of Epidemiology, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
Department of Public Health and Health Care, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
Department of Dental Disciplines and Maxillofacial Surgery, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
Department of Natural Sciences, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
Department of General Surgery No. 2
Department of Languages
Department of Epidemiology
Department of Public Health and Health Care
Department of Dental Disciplines and Maxillofacial Surgery
Department of Natural Sciences
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