Thermal fluorination of nanoporous activated carbon mediated by freons
Mussabek G. Diyuk V.E. Zaderko A.N. Afonin S. Baktygerey S. Taurbayev Y. Yermukhamed D. Yessengereyeva N. Lisnyak V.V.
May 2025Elsevier Ltd
Diamond and Related Materials
2025#155
Petrodarco® 4X10 nanoporous activated carbon (NAC) was thermolytically fluorinated at 400–800 °C using pentafluoroethane and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane gases. The incorporation of fluorine-containing functional groups into the carbon surface was quantitatively analyzed, and the evolution of the carbon surface after fluorination and fluoroalkylation was characterized using 19F ss-NMR and XPS spectroscopy. The process achieved a fluorine enrichment of about 3 mmol g−1 (3.9 wt%), while partially preserving the microporous structure of the initial NAC, as confirmed by nitrogen adsorption analysis. Thermogravimetry, FTIR ATR, TPD MS, and XPS showed that oxygen-containing groups of the carbon surface are replaced by more thermostable fluorine-containing groups at treatment temperatures above 600 °C. The proposed fluorination process allows control of the type of fluorine groups, including freon residues, as well as CF3 and CF2 groups, by adjusting the treatment temperature. Fluoroalkyl groups are grafted at 400–500 °C, while semi-ionic fluorine groups are added above 600 °C. Improved surface chemistry, with potential for special applications, was observed on the selectively fluorinated NAC surface. Furthermore, fluorination at 600–800 °C effectively replaced surface hydroxyl groups with fluorine-containing groups, optimizing the NAC surface for the passage of high-temperature gas-solid phase reactions by improving the surface thermostability at temperatures below 400 °C. This study presents a scalable method for converting highly fluorinated gases into functionalized NAC solids, highlighting its potential for chemical and industrial applications.
Fluorinated carbon surface , Freons , Nanoporous activated carbon , Surface functionalization , Thermolytic fluorination
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Nanotechnological Laboratory of Open Type, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71, Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Institute of Information and Computational Technologies, 125, Pushkin Str., Almaty, 050012, Kazakhstan
Chemical Faculty, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 62a, Volodymyrska Str., Kyiv, 01033, Ukraine
Light Matter Institute, UMR-5306, Claude Bernard University of Lyon/CNRS, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne Cedex, 69622, France
Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, Karlsruhe, 76021, Germany
Institute of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71, Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 17, General Naumov Str., Kyiv, 03164, Ukraine
Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 48, Kharkivske Shose, Kyiv, 02160, Ukraine
Western Caspian University, 31, Istiglaliyyat Str., Baku, AZ1001, Azerbaijan
Nanotechnological Laboratory of Open Type
Institute of Information and Computational Technologies
Chemical Faculty
Light Matter Institute
Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2)
Institute of Experimental and Theoretical Physics
Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry
Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
Western Caspian University
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