X-Ray Diffraction of Collagen-Structured Water Molecules for Cancer Detection
Murokh S. Alekseev A. Kubytskyi V. Shcherbakov V. Avdieiev O. Denisov S.A. Ajeer A. Adams L. Greenwood C. Rogers K. Mourokh L. Lazarev P.
February 2026Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Molecules
2026#31Issue 4
Structural biomarkers determined by X-ray scattering of the tissues can complement conventional histopathology and facilitate a fast triage procedure of cancer biopsy samples. It has been shown previously that lipid reflexes can distinguish cancerous from benign samples, except for fibroadenomas. In the present study, we demonstrate that fibroadenoma samples can be recognized using X-ray scattering of collagen. Moreover, we show that modifications in collagen structure are manifested in the water reflexes. Examination of diffraction patterns from water using two-dimensional Fourier transformation and machine learning yields excellent classification metrics in both synchrotron images and laboratory diffractometer data.
cancer detection , collagen , fibroadenoma , structural biomarkers , water molecules , X-ray scattering
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Matur UK Ltd., 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, United Kingdom
Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, 12180, NY, United States
Department of Physics and Technology, Karaganda Buketov University, Karaganda, 100028, Kazakhstan
Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie, UMR9012, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 209, Orsay, 91405, France
Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 349, Orsay, 91405, France
School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
EosDx, Inc., 15211 Vanowen Street, Suite 209, Los Angeles, 91405, CA, United States
Shrivenham Campus, Cranfield University, Swindon, SN6 8LA, United Kingdom
Physics Department, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, 11367, NY, United States
Matur UK Ltd.
Department of Computer Science
Department of Physics and Technology
Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie
Institut de Chimie Physique
School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
EosDx
Shrivenham Campus
Physics Department
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