DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS AND RESEARCH OF TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS TO INCREASE THE VOLUME OF THE NORTHERN ARAL SEA WITH MINERALIZATION OF THE FLOW OF THE SYRDARIA RIVER
Mukhtarov Z.M. Ibatullin S.R. Kalinin M.Yu. Omarova G.E.
2022National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan
News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Series of Geology and Technical Sciences
2022#6Issue 456131 - 146 pp.
The article presents a study of technical solutions for increasing the volume of the North Aral Sea with mineralization of the flow of the Syrdarya River. The Syr Darya River is the source of food for the Kazakhstan part of the Aral Sea, in particular the Small Aral Sea. The Syr Darya also provides water for irrigated lands in the republics of Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. The total area of agricultural land in the Syrdarya river basin is 34 million hectares, including 4.2 million hectares of arable land. The water resources of the basin are represented by the average long-term flow of the Syrdarya River in the amount of 37.2 km3, return water from irrigation-14.1 km3 and under-stream water reserves within 3.3 km3. The formation of natural river flow in the context of the states of the basin is extremely uneven: Kyrgyzstan-74.2%, Uzbekistan-13.8%, Kazakhstan-9.3%, Tajikistan-2.7%. The actual use of water resources in the Syrdarya river basin by sectors of the economy in recent years amounted to: regular irrigation of agriculture-5458.1 mln. The process of intense salinization occurred as a result of the intense evaporative capacity of the atmosphere, the bilateral salinization of soils due to the evaporation of groundwater, and the transfer or blowing of salts from the exposed dry bottom. An assessment according to the classification (Chembarisov at all, 1989) showed that the waters of the Aral Sea, in terms of mineralization, belong to weak brines. According to other data, the average annual mineralization of river runoff in the formation zone varies insignificantly within 0.35–0.40 g/l. Despite such a large water consumption, the areas of saline and salinized irrigated lands in the Aral Sea basin did not decrease all these years and remained at the level of 55-60% of all irrigated lands. At the same time, the mineralization of water in springs, especially in the middle reaches and in river deltas, increased to 1.0–2.5 g/l, while the quality of water deteriorated, and MAC in many respects increased significantly due to the discharge of collector and drainage runoff into rivers. (12-14 km3 per year). To manage and stabilize the hydro-ecological state of the Aral Sea basin, comprehensive measures are needed to improve the efficiency of distribution of environmental releases, suppress emissions of salts and dust into the atmosphere, and develop technical measures to reduce the salinity of sea water.
formation of natural runoff , mineralization , river runoff , technical solution , water resources
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Taraz Regional University named after M.Kh. Dulati, Taraz, Kazakhstan
International Training Center for the Safety of Hydraulic Structures, Taraz, Kazakhstan
International State Ecological Institute named after A.A. Sakharova Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
Taraz Regional University named after M.Kh. Dulati
International Training Center for the Safety of Hydraulic Structures
International State Ecological Institute named after A.A. Sakharova Belarusian State University
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