Antiretroviral therapy resistance mutations among HIV infected people in Kazakhstan
Mukhatayeva A. Mustafa A. Dzissyuk N. Issanov A. Mukhatayev Z. Bayserkin B. Vermund S.H. Ali S.
December 2022Nature Research
Scientific Reports
2022#12Issue 1
In Kazakhstan, the number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) has increased steadily by 39% since 2010. Development of antiretroviral therapy (ART) resistance mutations (ARTRM) is a major hurdle in achieving effective treatment and prevention against HIV. Using HIV pol sequences from 602 PLHIV from Kazakhstan, we analyzed ARTRMs for their association with factors that may promote development of ARTRMs. 56% PLHIV were infected with HIV subtype A6 and 42% with CRF02_AG. The ARTRM Q174K was associated with increased viral load and decreased CD4+ cell count, while infection with CRF02_AG was associated with a lower likelihood of Q174K. Interestingly, CRF02_AG was positively associated with the ARTRM L10V that, in turn, was observed frequently with darunavir administration. Infection with CRF02_AG was positively associated with the ARTRM S162A that, in turn, was frequently observed with the administration of nevirapine, also associated with lower CD4 counts. Zidovudine or Nevirapine receipt was associated with the development of the ARTRM E138A, that, in turn, was associated with lower CD4 counts. Determination of a patient’s HIV variant can help guide ART choice in Kazakhstan. For example, PLHIV infected with CRF02_AG will benefit less from darunavir and nevirapine, and emtricitabine should replace zidovudine.
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Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
Kazakh Scientific Center of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan
School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
Department of Biomedical Sciences
Kazakh Scientific Center of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases
School of Population and Public Health
Yale School of Public Health
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