Review of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Technologies: Classification, Restrictions, Opportunities and Challenges

Mukhamediev R.I. Popova Y. Kuchin Y. Zaitseva E. Kalimoldayev A. Symagulov A. Levashenko V. Abdoldina F. Gopejenko V. Yakunin K. Muhamedijeva E. Yelis M.
August 2022 MDPI

Mathematics
2022 #10 Issue 15

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an evolving set of technologies used for solving a wide range of applied issues. The core of AI is machine learning (ML)—a complex of algorithms and methods that address the problems of classification, clustering, and forecasting. The practical application of AI&ML holds promising prospects. Therefore, the researches in this area are intensive. However, the industrial applications of AI and its more intensive use in society are not widespread at the present time. The challenges of widespread AI applications need to be considered from both the AI (internal problems) and the societal (external problems) perspective. This consideration will identify the priority steps for more intensive practical application of AI technologies, their introduction, and involvement in industry and society. The article presents the identification and discussion of the challenges of the employment of AI technologies in the economy and society of resource-based countries. The systematization of AI&ML technologies is implemented based on publications in these areas. This systematization allows for the specification of the organizational, personnel, social and technological limitations. This paper outlines the directions of studies in AI and ML, which will allow us to overcome some of the limitations and achieve expansion of the scope of AI&ML applications.

AI challenges , artificial intelligence , deep learning , explainable machine learning , machine learning

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Institute of Automation and Information Technologies, Satbayev University (KazNRTU), Almaty, 050013, Kazakhstan
Institute of Information and Computational Technologies, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan
Baltic International Academy, 1/4 Lomonosov Str., Riga, LV-1003, Latvia
Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, University of Zilina, Žilina, 010 26, Slovakia
Higher School of Economics and Business, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University (KazNU), Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Office of Academic Excellence and Methodology, Almaty Management University, Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan
International Radio Astronomy Centre, Ventspils University of Applied Sciences, Inzhenieru Str., 101, Ventspils, LV-3601, Latvia
Department of Natural Science and Computer Technologies, ISMA University of Applied Sciences, Lomonosov Str., 1, Riga, LV-1011, Latvia
School of Digital Technologies, Almaty Management University, Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan

Institute of Automation and Information Technologies
Institute of Information and Computational Technologies
Baltic International Academy
Faculty of Management Science and Informatics
Higher School of Economics and Business
Office of Academic Excellence and Methodology
International Radio Astronomy Centre
Department of Natural Science and Computer Technologies
School of Digital Technologies

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