ADAPTABILITY OF KOCHIA PROSTRATA (L.) SCHRAD AND CAMPHOROS-MA MONSPELIACA AGRICULTURAL ECOSYSTEMS ON SALINE LANDS OF THE NORTHERN CASPIAN DESERT
Mukhambetov B. Nasiyev B. Kadasheva Z. Abdinov R. Meranzova R.
2024National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan
News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Series of Geology and Technical Sciences
2024#2024Issue 4197 - 208 pp.
In the northern part of the Caspian Desert, where we conducted our re-search, the average precipitation is not more than 170-180 mm, but 92% of the plain space is saline to some extent. Because of the climate’s aridity, rainfed farming is not practiced in this area; instead, natural pastures with low production (2–3 c/ha) are intended for cattle grazing and sheep in general. Excavation of irrigated regions beyond two thousand hectares is not feasible due to the extensive salinity of the soils. Dry plant cultivation for feed is out of application. Drought, salinity in the soil, and low pasture productivity are three aspects of the natural environment that influence pasture radicalization and the choice of improved crops. The purpose of the research implies the selection of salt-and drought-tolerant plants from natural pastures for cultivation on saline soils in the Caspian Sea region. As a research method, testing of introductory crops on saline soils with the simultaneous study of their salt tolerance in field conditions is applied. The research resulted in defining the 40–50 cm soil-layer medium saline soils with a 2–3 % toxic ion content to the final root penetration depth of 360–516 cm. as suitable for cultivation of Kochia prostrata and Camphorosma monspeliaca. At such salinity of soils, Kochia prostrata provides 23–25 c/ha of fruiting pro-duction, while Camphorosma monspeliaca provides 12–16 c/ha of pasture mass, which is respectively 11.5–8.3 and 6–6.3 times higher than the productivity of natural pastures (2–3 c/ha). At radical improvement of pastures, with 7 cm-depth highly saline soils and 200 cm-depth very highly saline soils are suitable to cultivate Camphorosma monspeliaca. Still, 50 cm-depth medium-saline automorphous clayey soils suit Camphorospha monspeliaca and Kochia prostrate sowing.
Camphorosma monspeliaca , fodder production , halophyte phy-tocenoses , Kochia prostrata , salinity , salt tolerance
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Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, NPJSC Kh.Dosmukhamedov Atyrau University, Atyrau, Kazakhstan
NPJSC Zhangir Khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian-Technical University, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Uralsk, Kazakhstan
Department of Meliorations, Land Regulation and Agrophysics, Agricultural University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
NPJSC Zhangir Khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian-Technical University
Department of Meliorations
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