Role of Programmed Cell Death Receptor-1 and Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-Associated Antigen 4 in Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection
Mukanov K. Mukantayev K. Tursunov K.
15 April 2024Unique Scientific Publishers
International Journal of Veterinary Science
2024#13Issue 3369 - 377 pp.
A cluster of T-cell receptors includes activating and inhibitory stimulatory molecules that favorably or unfavorably control immune responses. Recent studies on chronic bovine infections have revealed that, under severe viral loads and malignant pathologies, stromal and immune cells increase the expression of immune inhibitory molecules. To maintain internal homeostasis, programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) inhibit T cell activity. In chronic viral infections, the prolonged activation of T cells leads to the continuous production of PD-1 and CTLA-4. Blocking PD-1 and CTLA-4 is a successful therapeutic approach that is actively used in the treatment of oncological diseases. The effectiveness of this approach in the treatment of chronic viral infections, particularly those caused by bovine leukemia virus has been hypothesized. However, uncertainty surrounds these receptors function in persistent viral infections. This review focused on the functions of PD-1 and CTLA-4 in bovine leukemia virus and discusses disease therapies based on their blockade.
Bovine leukemia virus , Checkpoint inhibitor , Chronic virology infection , Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 , Programmed cell death receptor-1 , T cell exhaustion
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National Center for Biotechnology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
National Center for Biotechnology
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