Tracing Dark Energy History with Gamma-Ray Bursts

Muccino M. Izzo L. Luongo O. Boshkayev K. Amati L. Della Valle M. Pisani G.B. Zaninoni E.
20 February 2021 IOP Publishing Ltd

Astrophysical Journal
2021 #908 Issue 2

Observations of gamma-ray bursts up to z ∼ 9 are best suited to study the possible evolution of the universe equation of state at intermediate redshifts. We apply the Combo relation to a sample of 174 gamma-ray bursts to investigate possible evidence of evolving dark energy parameter w(z). We first build a gamma-ray burst Hubbles diagram and then we estimate the set (Ω m , ΩΛ) in the framework of flat and non-flat ΛCDM paradigm. We then get bounds over the wCDM model, where w is thought to evolve with redshift, adopting two priors over the Hubble constant in tension at 4.4σ, i.e., H 0 = (67.4 0.5) km s-1 Mpc-1 and H 0 = (74.03 1.42) km s-1 Mpc-1. We show our new sample provides tighter constraints on Ω m since at z ≤ 1.2 we see that w(z) agrees within 1σ with the standard value w = -1. The situation is the opposite at larger z, where gamma-ray bursts better fix w(z) that seems to deviate from w = -1 at 2σ and 4σ level, depending on the redshift bins. In particular, we investigate the w(z) evolution through a piecewise formulation over seven redshift intervals. From our fitting procedure we show that at z ≥ 1.2 the case w < -1 cannot be fully excluded, indicating that dark energys influence is not negligible at larger z. We confirm the Combo relation as a powerful tool to investigate cosmological evolution of dark energy. Future space missions will significantly enrich the gamma-ray burst database even at smaller redshifts, improving de facto the results discussed in this paper.

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INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 54 Via Enrico Fermi, Frascati (RM), I-00044, Italy
NNLOT, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi ave. 71, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Lyngbyvej 2, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
Dipartimento di Matematica, Universit di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 5, Pisa, I-56127, Italy
Divisione di Fisica, Universit di Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, I-62032, Italy
Department of Physics, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr ave., Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Engineering Physics, Satbayev University, 22 Satbayev str., Almaty, 050013, Kazakhstan
INAF, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, Bologna, I-40129, Italy
INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Salita Moiariello 16, Napoli, I-80131, Italy

INFN
NNLOT
DARK
Dipartimento di Matematica
Divisione di Fisica
Department of Physics
Department of Engineering Physics
INAF
INAF

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