The Being of Science in Al-Farabi’s Philosophy
Müürsepp P. Azerbayev A. Nurysheva G.
2024Estonian Association for the History and Philosophy of Science
Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum
2024#12Issue 2135 - 150 pp.
The purpose of the article is to identify the forms of being of science in the philosophy of the Muslim thinker Abū Naṣr Muhammad al-Fārābī, who lived in the 9th–10th centuries. In this regard, the article first addresses the problem of the origin of science. The enumeration of sciences is manifested in al-Farabi’s research as “divine science,” that is, metaphysics and individual sciences, with a Muslim specificity. Science as a process of cognition is an ascent from the imperfect to the perfect. The First Cause (the First Being) of everything is the absolute perfection. It is also a deity and the “cause” of the origin of sciences. The comprehensive encyclopedism of al-Farabi’s predetermined science is a kind of worldview. In this context, he distinguished between the science of language, logic, mathematics, physics, metaphysics, and civil science, which explains the essence of real happiness. Only members of the ideal community (“the inhabitants of a virtuous city”) are able to achieve happiness. Therefore, the study of sciences in totality creates the respective “virtuous” worldview. Science as a cognitive activity forms an intellectual and moral category of “elites” whose mission is enlightenment. Morality is the foundation of intelligence. Thus, the problem of being of science in al-Farabi’s philosophy is undeniably relevant in the framework of Enlightenment 2.0.
education , enlightenment , morality , rationality , science , worldview
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Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 3, Tallinn, 12618, Estonia
Department of History of Kazakhstan, Toraighyrov University, Lomov 64, Pavlodar, 140008, Kazakhstan
Department of Philosophy and Political Science, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Tallinn University of Technology
Department of History of Kazakhstan
Department of Philosophy and Political Science
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