Molecular Markers Help with Breeding for Agronomic Traits of Spring Wheat in Kazakhstan and Siberia
Morgounov A. Babkenov A. Ben C. Chudinov V. Dolinny Y. Dreisigacker S. Fedorenko E. Gentzbittel L. Rasheed A. Savin T. Shepelev S. Zhapayev R. Shamanin V.
January 2024Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Genes
2024#15Issue 1
The Kazakhstan-Siberia Network for Spring Wheat Improvement (KASIB) was established in 2000, forming a collaboration between breeding and research programs through biannual yield trials. A core set of 142 genotypes from 15 breeding programs was selected, genotyped for 81 DNA functional markers and phenotyped for 10 agronomic traits at three sites in Kazakhstan (Karabalyk, Shortandy and Shagalaly) and one site in Russia (Omsk) in 2020–2022. The study aim was to identify markers demonstrating significant effects on agronomic traits. The average grain yield of individual trials varied from 118 to 569 g/m2. Grain yield was positively associated with the number of days to heading, plant height, number of grains per spike and 1000-kernel weight. Eight DNA markers demonstrated significant effects. The spring-type allele of the Vrn-A1 gene accelerated heading by two days (5.6%) and was present in 80% of the germplasm. The winter allele of the Vrn-A1 gene significantly increased grain yield by 2.7%. The late allele of the earliness marker per se, TaMOT1-D1, delayed development by 1.9% and increased yield by 4.5%. Translocation of 1B.1R was present in 21.8% of the material, which resulted in a 6.2% yield advantage compared to 1B.1B germplasm and a reduction in stem rust severity from 27.6 to 6.6%. The favorable allele of TaGS-D1 increased both kernel weight and yield by 2–3%. Four markers identified in ICARDA germplasm, ISBW2-GY (Kukri_c3243_1065, 3B), ISBW3-BM (TA004946-0577, 1B), ISBW10-SM2 (BS00076246_51, 5A), ISBW11-GY (wsnp_Ex_c12812_20324622, 4A), showed an improved yield in this study of 3–4%. The study recommends simultaneous validation and use of selected markers in KASIB’s network.
cereals , DNA markers , genotypes-environment interaction , grain yield
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Faculty of Agronomy, Kazakh Agrotechnical University Named after S. Seyfullin, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
A.I. Barayev Research and Production Centre for Grain Farming, Shortandy, 021601, Kazakhstan
Project Center for Agrotechnologies, Skolkovo Institute for Science and Technology, Moscow, 121205, Russian Federation
Karabalyk Agricultural Experimental Station, Kostanay, 110000, Kazakhstan
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, P.O. Box 041, Texcoco, 100, Mexico
North Kazakhstan Agricultural Experimental Station, Shagalaly, 150311, Kazakhstan
Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Beijing, 100081, China
Faculty of Agrotechnology, Omsk State Agrarian University, Omsk, 644008, Russian Federation
Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing, Almaty, 040909, Kazakhstan
Faculty of Agronomy
A.I. Barayev Research and Production Centre for Grain Farming
Project Center for Agrotechnologies
Karabalyk Agricultural Experimental Station
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center
North Kazakhstan Agricultural Experimental Station
Department of Plant Sciences
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center
Faculty of Agrotechnology
Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing
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