Geometric Phase Metasurface for Lens Antenna System With High Polarisation Purity and Efficiency

Moreno-Peñarrubia A. Ortiz-Reyes S. Teniente J. Kuznetsov S. Orazbayev B. Beruete M.
January/December 2026 John Wiley and Sons Inc

IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation
2026 #20 Issue 1

This work presents a millimetre-wave antenna–metalens system based on the Pancharatnam–Berry phase principle. The setup includes a circularly polarised horn antenna combined with bi-layer metalens optimised for 87 GHz operation. This arrangement achieves an axial ratio (AR) of 0.5 dB, directivity up to 34.7 dB–surpassing the original horn antenna over 17 dB–an aperture efficiency of 47% and exhibits a narrow beamwidth. The system operates from 82 to 95 GHz with an AR below 2 dB, directivity over 32 dB and aperture efficiency exceeding 30%. Additionally, the same metalens is characterised at 75 and 105 GHz, where the focal shift associated with frequency scaling is observed, yet directivity remains around 32 dB and AR below 3 dB. Notably, the aperture efficiency remains approximately 30% for the full frequency range, demonstrating the inherent frequency tolerance of the Pancharatnam–Berry phase implementation.

metalens , metamaterial antennas , metasurfaces , millimetre wave antennas , Pancharatnam–Berry phase

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Antenna Department (TSEDR2), Navigation and Telecom, Airbus Defence & Space S.A.U., Madrid, Getafe, Spain
EMC Testing (TADVM7), Airbus Defence & Space S.A.U., Madrid, Getafe, Spain
Antenna Group, Department of Electrical Electronic and Communication Engineering, Public University of Navarre, Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre, Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
Physics Department, Analytical and Technological Research Center, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk Branch ‘TDIAM’, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Physics Department, SSH, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan

Antenna Department (TSEDR2)
EMC Testing (TADVM7)
Antenna Group
Institute of Smart Cities (ISC)
Physics Department
Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS
Physics Department

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