Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
Mishra A. Zhou B. Rodriguez-Martinez A. Bixby H. Singleton R.K. Carrillo-Larco R.M. Sheffer K.E. Paciorek C.J. Bennett J.E. Lhoste V. Iurilli M.L.C. Di Cesare M. Bentham J. Phelps N.H. Sophiea M.K. Stevens G.A. Danaei G. Cowan M.J. Savin S. Riley L.M. Gregg E.W. Aekplakorn W. Ahmad N.A. Baker J.L. Chirita-Emandi A. Farzadfar F. Fink G. Heinen M. Ikeda N. Kengne A.P. Khang Y.-H. Laatikainen T. Laxmaiah A. Ma J. Monroy-Valle M. Mridha M.K. Padez C.P. Reynolds A. Sorić M. Starc G. Wirth J.P. Abarca-Gómez L. Abdeen Z.A. Abdrakhmanova S. Ghaffar S.A. Abdul Rahim H.F. Abdurrahmonova Z. Abu-Rmeileh N.M. Garba J.A. Acosta-Cazares B. Adam I. Adamczyk M. Adams R.J. Adu-Afarwuah S. Afsana K. Afzal S. Agbor V.N. Agdeppa I.A. Aghazadeh-Attari J. Aguenaou H. Aguilar-Salinas C.A. Agyemang C. Ahmad M.H. Ahmadi A. Ahmadi N. Ahmadi N. Ahmed I. Ahmed S.H. Ahrens W. Aitmurzaeva G. Ajlouni K. Al-Hazzaa H.M. Al-Lahou B. Al-Raddadi R. Al Hourani H.M. Al Qaoud N.M. Alarouj M. AlBuhairan F. AlDhukair S. Aldwairji M.A. Alexius S. Ali M.M. Alkandari A. Alkerwi A. Alkhatib B.M. Allin K. Alvarez-Pedrerol M. Aly E. Amarapurkar D.N. Etxezarreta P.A. Amoah J. Amougou N. Amouyel P. Andersen L.B. Anderssen S.A. Androutsos O. Ängquist L. Anjana R.M. Ansari-Moghaddam A. Anufrieva E. Aounallah-Skhiri H. Araújo J. Ariansen I. Aris T. Arku R.E. Arlappa N. Aryal K.K. Aseffa N. Aspelund T. Assah F.K. Assembekov B. Assunção M.C.F. Aung M.S. Auvinen J. Avdičová M. Avi S. Azevedo A. Azimi-Nezhad M. Azizi F. Azmin M. Babu B.V. Jørgensen M.B. Baharudin A. Bahijri S. Bakacs M. Balakrishna N. Balanova Y. Bamoshmoosh M. Banach M. Banegas J.R. Baran J. Baran R. Barbagallo C.M. Filho V.B. Barceló A. Baretić M. Barkat A. Barnoya J. Barrera L. Barreto M. Barros A.J.D. Barros M.V.G. Bartosiewicz A. Basit A. Bastos J.L.D. Bata I. Batieha A.M. Batista A.P. Batista R.L. Battakova Z. Baur L.A. Bayauli P.M. Beaglehole R. Bel-Serrat S. Belavendra A. Ben Romdhane H. Benedics J. Benet M. Rolandi G.E.B. Bere E. Bergh I.H. Berhane Y. Berkinbayev S. Bernabe-Ortiz A. Bernotiene G. Carrasola X.B. Bettiol H. Beutel M.E. Beybey A.F. Bezerra J. Bhagyalaxmi A. Bharadwaj S. Bhargava S.K. Bi H. Bi Y. Bia D. Biasch K. Lele E.C.B. Bikbov M.M. Bista B. Bjelica D.J. Bjerregaard A.A. Bjerregaard P. Bjertness E. Bjertness M.B. Björkelund C. Bloch K.V. Blokstra A. Magnazu M.B. Bo S. Bobak M. Boddy L.M. Boehm B.O. Boer J.M.A. Boggia J.G. Bogova E. Boissonnet C.P. Bojesen S.E. Bonaccio M. Bongard V. Bonilla-Vargas A. Bopp M. Borghs H. Bovet P. Boymatova K. Braeckevelt L. Braeckman L. Bragt M.C.E. Brajkovich I. Branca F. Breckenkamp J. Breda J. Brenner H. Brewster L.M. Brian G.R. Briceño Y. Brinduse L. Brito M. Brophy S. Brug J. Bruno G. Bugge A. Buntinx F. Buoncristiano M. Burazeri G. Burns C. de León A.C. Cacciottolo J. Cai H. Caixeta R.B. Cama T. Cameron C. Camolas J. Can G. Cândido A.P.C. Cañete F. Capanzana M.V. Čapková N. Capuano E. Capuano R. Capuano V. Cardol M. Cardoso V.C. Carlsson A.C. Carmuega E. Carvalho J. Casajús J.A. Casanueva F.F. Casas M. Celikcan E. Censi L. Cervantes‐Loaiza M. Cesar J.A. Chamukuttan S. Chan A. Chan Q. Chaturvedi H.K. Chaturvedi N. Rahim N.C.A. Chee M.L. Chen C.-J. Chen F. Chen H. Chen S. Chen Z. Cheng C.-Y. Cheng Y.J. Cheraghian B. Chetrit A. Chikova-Iscener E. Chinapaw M.J.M. Chinnock A. Chiolero A. Chiou S.-T. Chirlaque M.-D. Cho B. Christensen K. Christofaro D.G. Chudek J. Cifkova R. Cilia M. Cinteza E. Cirillo M. Claessens F. Clarke J. Clays E. Cohen E. Compañ-Gabucio L.-M. Concin H. Confortin S.C. Cooper C. Coppinger T.C. Corpeleijn E. Cortés L.Y. Costanzo S. Cottel D. Cowell C. Craig C.L. Crampin A.C. Cross A.J. Crujeiras A.B. Cruz J.J. Csányi T. Csilla S. Cucu A.M. Cui L. Cureau F.V. Cuschieri S. Czenczek-Lewandowska E. D’Arrigo G. d’Orsi E. Dacica L. Dallongeville J. Damasceno A. Damsgaard C.T. Dankner R. Dantoft T.M. Dasgupta P. Dastgiri S. Dauchet L. Davletov K. de Assis M.A.A. De Backer G. De Bacquer D. De Curtis A. de Fragas Hinnig P. de Gaetano G. De Henauw S. De Miguel-Etayo P. de Oliveira P.D. De Ridder D. De Ridder K. de Rooij S.R. De Smedt D. Deepa M. Deev A.D. DeGennaro V., Jr Delisle H. Delpeuch F. Demarest S. Dennison E. Dereń K. Deschamps V. Dhimal M. Di Castelnuovo A. Dias-da-Costa J.S. Díaz-Sánchez M.E. Diaz A. Fernández P.D. Ripollés M.P.D. Dika Z. Djalalinia S. Djordjic V. Do H.T.P. Dobson A.J. Dominguez L. Donati M.B. Donfrancesco C. Dong G. Dong Y. Donoso S.P. Döring A. Dorobantu M. Dorosty A.R. Doua K. Dragano N. Drygas W. Duan J.L. Duante C.A. Duboz P. Duleva V.L. Dulskiene V. Dumith S.C. Dushpanova A. Dyussupova A. Dzerve V. Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E. Echeverría G. Eddie R. Eftekhar E. Egbagbe E.E. Eggertsen R. Eghtesad S. Eiben G. Ekelund U. El-Khateeb M. El Ammari L. El Ati J. Eldemire-Shearer D. Eliasen M. Elliott P. Endevelt R. Engle-Stone R. Erasmus R.T. Erbel R. Erem C. Ergor G. Eriksen L. Eriksson J.G. Escobedo-de la Peña J. Eslami S. Esmaeili A. Evans A. 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Godara R. Godos J. Gogen S. Goldberg M. Goltzman D. Gómez G. Gómez J.H.G. Gomez L.F. Gómez S.F. Gomula A. da Silva B.G.C. Gonçalves H. Gonçalves M. González-Alvarez A.D. Gonzalez-Chica D.A. González-Gil E.M. Gonzalez-Gross M. González-Leon M. González-Rivas J.P. González-Villalpando C. González-Villalpando M.-E. Gonzalez A.R. Gottrand F. Graça A.P. Graff-Iversen S. Grafnetter D. Grajda A. Grammatikopoulou M.G. Gregor R.D. Gregório M.J. Grøholt E.K. Grøntved A. Grosso G. Gruden G. Gu D. Guajardo V. Gualdi-Russo E. Guallar-Castillón P. Gualtieri A. Gudmundsson E.F. Gudnason V. Guerrero R. Guessous I. Guimaraes A.L. Gulliford M.C. Gunnlaugsdottir J. Gunter M.J. Guo X.-H. Guo Y. Gupta P.C. Gupta R. Gureje O. González E.G. Gutierrez L. Gutzwiller F. Gwee X. Ha S. Hadaegh F. Hadjigeorgiou C.A. Haghshenas R. Hakimi H. Halkjær J. Hambleton I.R. Hamzeh B. Hanekom W.A. Hange D. Hanif A.A.M. Hantunen S. Hao J. Hardman C.M. Kumar R.H. Lassen T.H. Harooni J. Hashemi-Shahri S.M. Hassapidou M. 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Ukoli F.A.M. Ulmer H. Unal B. Usupova Z. Uusitalo H.M.T. Uysal N. Vaitkeviciute
30 March 2023Nature Research
Nature
2023#615Issue 7954874 - 883 pp.
Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
ICMR–National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
Peking University, Beijing, China
Universidad de San Carlos, Guatemala City, Guatemala
BRAC James P. Grant School of Public Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
GroundWork, Geneva, Switzerland
Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, Costa Rica
Al-Quds University, East Jerusalem, Palestine
National Center of Public Health, Astana, Kazakhstan
Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine
Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
RehaKlinika, Rzeszów, Poland
Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Taguig, Philippines
Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
Ibn Tofail University, Kénitra, Morocco
Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Mexico City, Mexico
University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Modeling in Health Research Center, Shahrekord, Iran
Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology–BIPS, Bremen, Germany
Republican Center for Health Promotion, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, Amman, Jordan
Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait
King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
Aldara Hospital and Medical Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
Barcelona Institute for Global Health CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India
Departamento de Salud del Gobierno Vasco, San Sebastián, Spain
Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana
UMR CNRS-MNHN 7206, Paris, France
University of Lille, Lille, France
Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
Yekaterinburg State Medical Academy, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
National Institute of Public Health, Tunis, Tunisia
Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
Public Health Promotion and Development Organization, Kathmandu, Nepal
Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
University of Medicine 1, Yangon, Myanmar
Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
Regional Authority of Public Health, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
National Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
National Medical Research Centre for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
University of Science and Technology, Sana’a, Yemen
Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceara, Ceara, Brazil
University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
Unidad de Cirugia Cardiovascular, Guatemala City, Guatemala
Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
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University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Karachi, Pakistan
Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic Congo
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
Federal Ministry of Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection, Vienna, Austria
Cafam University Foundation, Bogotá, Colombia
Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, Asunción, Paraguay
University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
Chirayu Medical College, New Delhi, India
Sunder Lal Jain Hospital, Delhi, India
Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Russian Federation
Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
University of Montenegro, Niksic, Montenegro
University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
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University College London, London, United Kingdom
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IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
Toulouse University School of Medicine, Toulouse, France
University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Ministry of Health, Victoria, Seychelles
Unisanté, Lausanne, Switzerland
World Health Organization Country Office in Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
Flemish Agency for Care and Health, Brussels, Belgium
Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, Netherlands
Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
World Health Organization Athens Quality of Care Office, Athens, Greece
German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
The Fred Hollows Foundation, Auckland, New Zealand
University of the Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Public Health, Tirana, Albania
Munster Technological University, Cork, Ireland
Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
University of Malta, Msida, Malta
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, United States
Ministry of Health, Tongatapu, Tonga
Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
Istanbul University–Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
Gaetano Fucito Hospital, Mercato San Severino, Italy
University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
Centro de Estudios Sobre Nutrición Infantil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
India Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
Duke–NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
ICMR–National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Ramat Gan, Israel
National Centre of Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria
Amsterdam UMC Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
Primary Health Care, Floriana, Malta
University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research, Alicante, Spain
Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Austria
University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
CIBEROBN, Madrid, Spain
Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary
University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
National Research Council, Reggio Calabria, Italy
Eftimie Murgu University Resita, Resita, Romania
Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz, Iran
Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
Innovating Health International, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Montpellier, France
French Public Health Agency, St Maurice, France
Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil
National Institute of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Havana, Cuba
National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Servicio Canario de la Salud del Gobierno de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Consejería de Salud del Gobierno de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
National Institute of Nutrition, Hanoi, Viet Nam
University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Ministère de la Santé et de l’Hygiène Publique, Abidjan, Cote dIvoire
University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
IRL 3189 ESS, Marseille, France
Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Gizo, Solomon Islands
Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia
The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
Centro de Salud Villanueva Norte, Badajoz, Spain
Hospital Don Benito-Villanueva de la Serena, Badajoz, Spain
Ministry of Health, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
Federal University of Alagoas, Alagoas, Brazil
Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
Hospital Infantil Sabará, São Paulo, Brazil
University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
University Clinical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma, Spain
Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Consejería de Sanidad del Gobierno de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
Ministero della Salute DG Prevenzione Sanitaria, Rome, Italy
University of Catania, Catania, Italy
Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición, Madrid, Spain
Africa Health Research Institute, Mtubatuba, South Africa
Geneva University Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, India
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
Paris University, Paris, France
Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
Gasol Foundation, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
University of Lleida, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
PASs Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
University Agostinho Neto, Luanda, Angola
Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
International Clinical Research Center, Brno, Czech Republic
National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
Centro de Estudios en Diabetes A.C., Mexico City, Mexico
Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Ministry of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
International Life Science Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
Authority Sanitaria San Marino, San Marino, San Marino
Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Brazil
King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Capital Medical University Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China
Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India
Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, Jaipur, India
University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
National Health Insurance Service, Wonju, South Korea
Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Tehran, Iran
Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Nicosia, Cyprus
Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados
Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
National Research Institute for Health and Family Planning, Beijing, China
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
Danish Health Authority, Copenhagen, Denmark
Joep Lange Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia
ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Chronic Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran
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The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Gasol Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
University Ramon Llull, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON, Canada
Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
University Oran 1, Oran, Algeria
Independent Public Health Specialist, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
Ministry of Health and Sports, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
Medical University Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
Gambia National Nutrition Agency, Banjul, Gambia
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait
Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Sports University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
Heart Foundation, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Guangzhou 12th Hospital, Guangzhou, China
Universidad Eugenio Maria de Hostos, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
World Health Organization Country Office, Delhi, India
Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
University of Opole, Opole, Poland
Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
Hungarian School Sport Federation, Budapest, Hungary
National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia
Ministry of Health, Bratislava, Slovakia
Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
Hellenic Medical Association for Obesity, Athens, Greece
Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Kathmandu, Nepal
Université Officielle de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic Congo
Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
University of Münster, Münster, Germany
Israel Center for Disease Control, Ramat Gan, Israel
Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan, Iran
Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Dortmund, Germany
Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Hypertension Research Center, Isfahan, Iran
Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
VASCage, Innsbruck, Austria
Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, South Korea
Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
University College South Denmark, Haderslev, Denmark
Statistics Austria, Vienna, Austria
B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Tartu University Clinics, Tartu, Estonia
Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
District Department of State Public Health Service, Hildburghausen, Germany
Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Ministry of Health and Wellness, Port Louis, Mauritius
University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala
North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
South African Medical Research Council, Potchefstroom, South Africa
University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
Institute of Public Health, Podgorica, Montenegro
Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Cochin, India
Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Hassan First University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
Ministry of Health, Algiers, Algeria
Ministry of Health, Georgetown, Guyana
Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran, Iran
Clinical Research Education, Networking & Consultancy, Douala, Cameroon
University of Public Health, Yangon, Myanmar
Centro Studi Epidemiologici di Gubbio, Gubbio, Italy
National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rene Rachou Research Institute, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Capital Medical University Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Beijing, China
Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Sevilla, Spain
Sports Medical Center of Minho, Braga, Portugal
Universidad San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
Consejería de Sanidad Junta de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Ilembula Lutheran Hospital, Ilembula, Tanzania
University of Kinshasa Hospital, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic Congo
Coimbra University Hospital Center, Coimbra, Portugal
University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, TX, United States
Institute of Neuroscience of the National Research Council, Padua, Italy
Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Academia VBHC, São Paulo, Brazil
SB RAS Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic Congo
University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
University of Padua, Padua, Italy
University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Hellenic Mediterranean University, Siteia, Greece
Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
Ministry of Health, Nicosia, Cyprus
Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
CIBERCV, Barcelona, Spain
Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
Mary Immaculate College, Limerick, Ireland
Hungarian Society of Sports Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy
Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, Brazil
Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
ICMR–National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Bengaluru, India
Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
Centro de Estudos do Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil
Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
McGill University
University of Essex
University of California Berkeley
University of Kent
World Health Organization
Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health
Mahidol University
Ministry of Health
Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital
Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute
University of Basel
World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe
National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation
South African Medical Research Council
Seoul National University College of Medicine
University of Eastern Finland
Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
ICMR–National Institute of Nutrition
Peking University
Universidad de San Carlos
BRAC James P. Grant School of Public Health
University of Coimbra
University of Otago
University of Zagreb
University of Ljubljana
GroundWork
Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social
Al-Quds University
National Center of Public Health
Qatar University
Ministry of Health and Social Protection
Birzeit University
Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital
Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
Qassim University
RehaKlinika
Flinders University
University of Ghana
University of Copenhagen
Copenhagen University Hospital
University of Oxford
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Ibn Tofail University
Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición
University of Amsterdam
Modeling in Health Research Center
Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
The Aga Khan University
University of Oslo
Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology–BIPS
Republican Center for Health Promotion
National Center for Diabetes
Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research
King Abdulaziz University
The Hashemite University
Ministry of Health
Dasman Diabetes Institute
Aldara Hospital and Medical Center
King Abdullah International Medical Research Center
Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana
Luxembourg Institute of Health
Barcelona Institute for Global Health CIBERESP
World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean
Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Centre
Departamento de Salud del Gobierno Vasco
Ghana Health Service
UMR CNRS-MNHN 7206
University of Lille
Lille University Hospital
Western Norway University of Applied Sciences
Norwegian School of Sport Sciences
University of Thessaly
Madras Diabetes Research Foundation
Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
Yekaterinburg State Medical Academy
National Institute of Public Health
Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto
Norwegian Institute of Public Health
University of Massachusetts Amherst
Public Health Promotion and Development Organization
Haramaya University
University of Iceland
University of Yaoundé 1
Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University
Federal University of Pelotas
University of Medicine 1
Oulu University Hospital
University of Oulu
Regional Authority of Public Health
Tel Aviv University
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
University of Porto Medical School
Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences
Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences
Indian Council of Medical Research
National Institute of Public Health
National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition
National Medical Research Centre for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
University of Science and Technology
Medical University of Lodz
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid CIBERESP
University of Rzeszów
University of Palermo
Federal Institute of Education
University of Miami
University Hospital Center Zagreb
Mohammed V University
Unidad de Cirugia Cardiovascular
Universidad del Valle
National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge
NOVA University Lisbon
University of Pernambuco
Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology
Federal University of Santa Catarina
Dalhousie University
Jordan University of Science and Technology
Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto
Federal University of Maranhão
University of Sydney
Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa
University of Auckland
University College Dublin
Christian Medical College
University Tunis El Manar
Federal Ministry of Social Affairs
Cafam University Foundation
Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social
University of Agder
Addis Continental Institute of Public Health
Kazakh National Medical University
Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
Lithuanian University of Health Sciences
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
University of São Paulo
Johannes Gutenberg University
B. J. Medical College
Chirayu Medical College
Sunder Lal Jain Hospital
Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine
Universidad de la República
University of Strasbourg
Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies
Ufa Eye Research Institute
Nepal Health Research Council
University of Montenegro
University of Southern Denmark
University of Gothenburg
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment
University of Haifa
Ministry of Health
University of Turin
University College London
Liverpool John Moores University
Nanyang Technological University
National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology
Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas
IRCCS Neuromed
Toulouse University School of Medicine
University of Zurich
KU Leuven
Ministry of Health
Unisanté
World Health Organization Country Office in Tajikistan
Flemish Agency for Care and Health
Ghent University
FrieslandCampina
Universidad Central de Venezuela
Bielefeld University
World Health Organization Athens Quality of Care Office
German Cancer Research Center
The Fred Hollows Foundation
University of the Andes
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa
Swansea University
University College Copenhagen
Institute of Public Health
Munster Technological University
Universidad de La Laguna
University of Malta
Vanderbilt University
Pan American Health Organization
Ministry of Health
Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute
Hospital Santa Maria
Istanbul University–Cerrahpasa
Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora
National Institute of Public Health
Gaetano Fucito Hospital
University of Groningen
Karolinska Institutet
Centro de Estudios Sobre Nutrición Infantil
University of Porto
University of Zaragoza
Santiago de Compostela University
Ministry of Health
Council for Agricultural Research and Economics
Federal University of Rio Grande
India Diabetes Research Foundation
Duke–NUS Medical School
ICMR–National Institute of Medical Statistics
Singapore Eye Research Institute
Academia Sinica
Capital Institute of Pediatrics
Xiangtan University
Kailuan General Hospital
National University of Singapore
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research
National Centre of Public Health and Analyses
Amsterdam UMC Public Health Research Institute
Universidad de Costa Rica
University of Fribourg
National Taiwan University
CIBERESP
Seoul National University
University of Southern Denmark
Universidade Estadual Paulista
Medical University of Silesia
Charles University
Thomayer Hospital
Primary Health Care
University of Salerno
Statistics Canada
Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research
Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine
University of Southampton
Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
Institut Pasteur de Lille
Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit
CIBEROBN
Hungarian University of Sports Science
University of Debrecen
National Institute of Public Health
University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
National Research Council
Eftimie Murgu University Resita
Eduardo Mondlane University
Indian Statistical Institute
Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center
Geneva University Hospitals
Sciensano
University Medical Centers
National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine
Innovating Health International
University of Montreal
French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development
French Public Health Agency
Mediterranea Cardiocentro
Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos
National Institute of Hygiene
National Council of Scientific and Technical Research
Servicio Canario de la Salud del Gobierno de Canarias
Consejería de Salud del Gobierno de La Rioja
Ministry of Health and Medical Education
University of Novi Sad
National Institute of Nutrition
University of Queensland
Instituto de Investigación Nutricional
Istituto Superiore di Sanità
Sun Yat-sen University
Universidad de Cuenca
Helmholtz Zentrum München
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Ministère de la Santé et de l’Hygiène Publique
University Hospital Düsseldorf
National Institute of Cardiology
Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control
IRL 3189 ESS
Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Semey Medical University
University of Latvia
Ministry of Health and Medical Services
Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences
University of Benin
University of Skövde
Ministry of Health
National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology
The University of the West Indies
Ministry of Health
University of California Davis
University of Stellenbosch
University of Duisburg-Essen
Karadeniz Technical University
Dokuz Eylul University
University of Helsinki
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Queen’s University Belfast
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Fasa University of Medical Sciences
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Baqai Medical University
Centro de Salud Villanueva Norte
Hospital Don Benito-Villanueva de la Serena
Ministry of Health
Universidad de Santiago de Chile
University of Insubria
Federal University of Alagoas
Institute of Mother and Child
Hospital Infantil Sabará
University of Tartu
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Umeå University
Federal University of São Paulo
University Clinical Centre Ljubljana
Hospital Universitario Son Espases
Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Kindai University
Kyoto University
I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University
Medical University of Warsaw
Consejería de Sanidad del Gobierno de Cantabria
Jagiellonian University Medical College
Ministero della Salute DG Prevenzione Sanitaria
University of Catania
Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición
Africa Health Research Institute
Geneva University Medical School
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Utrecht University
Wageningen University
Medical Research Foundation
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
University of Adelaide
Lund University
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
National Institute for Health Development
Central University of Kerala
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
Paris University
Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca
Gasol Foundation
University of Lleida
PASs Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy
University Agostinho Neto
Kansas State University
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
International Clinical Research Center
National Institute of Public Health
Centro de Estudios en Diabetes A.C.
Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo
Ministry of Health
Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine
Children’s Memorial Health Institute
University of Thessaly
National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases
International Life Science Institute
University of Ferrara
Authority Sanitaria San Marino
Icelandic Heart Association
Universidad Icesi
State University of Montes Claros
King’s College London
International Agency for Research on Cancer
Capital Medical University
Capital Medical University Beijing Tongren Hospital
Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health
Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute
University of Ibadan
Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy
National Health Insurance Service
Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center
Research and Education Institute of Child Health
Danish Cancer Society Research Center
The University of the West Indies
Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Africa Health Research Institute
Federal University of Pernambuco
Yasuj University of Medical Sciences
International Hellenic University
Kyushu University
University of Bergen
Tulane University
National Research Institute for Health and Family Planning
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
University of Pécs
Danish Health Authority
Joep Lange Institute
Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga
ETH Zurich
Chronic Diseases Research Center
University of Hong Kong
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
University of Western Australia
Universidade Federal do Paraná
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Gasol Foundation
University Ramon Llull
Kingston Health Sciences Centre
Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander
University Oran 1
Independent Public Health Specialist
Ministry of Health and Sports
Santé publique France
VU University Medical Center
American University of Beirut
Cairo University
Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam
University of Valencia
Medical University Varna
The University of Tokyo
Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital
The Hospital for Sick Children
Deakin University
Emory University
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
Hadassah University Medical Center
Université Catholique de Louvain
Gambia National Nutrition Agency
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research
Public Health Agency of Sweden
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
University of Melbourne
Sports University of Tirana
Heart Foundation
Guangzhou 12th Hospital
Universidad Eugenio Maria de Hostos
Simon Fraser University
Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel
University of New South Wales
World Health Organization Country Office
Guilan University of Medical Sciences
University of Opole
Gulu University
University of Crete
Hungarian School Sport Federation
National Center for Disease Control and Public Health
Ministry of Health
Sri Venkateswara University
Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology
Hellenic Medical Association for Obesity
Harokopio University
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Maharajgunj Medical Campus
Université Officielle de Bukavu
Aarhus University
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Pennington Biomedical Research Center
National Institute of Epidemiology
University of Toronto
University of Münster
Israel Center for Disease Control
Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease
Kyrgyz State Medical Academy
Research Institute of Child Nutrition
Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences
University of Cambridge
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Hypertension Research Center
Medical University of Innsbruck
VASCage
Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences
Yonsei University College of Medicine
National Cancer Center
Sahlgrenska University Hospital
Newcastle University
University College South Denmark
Statistics Austria
B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences
University of Vienna
Tartu University Clinics
Kansai Medical University
District Department of State Public Health Service
Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina
Ministry of Health and Wellness
University Hospital Ulm
Croatian Institute of Public Health
Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama
North-West University
South African Medical Research Council
University of Physical Education
University of Jyväskylä
Institute of Public Health
Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences
Institute of Endocrinology
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
African Population and Health Research Center
Hanoi University of Public Health
Hassan First University of Settat
Ministry of Health
Ministry of Health
Sahlgrenska Academy
Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center
Clinical Research Education
University of Public Health
Centro Studi Epidemiologici di Gubbio
National University Health System
University of Leicester
Tampere University Hospital
Tampere University
University of Douala
University of Cape Town
West Virginia University
Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rene Rachou Research Institute
Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Uppsala University
Capital Medical University Beijing An Zhen Hospital
Taipei Medical University
Servicio Andaluz de Salud
Sports Medical Center of Minho
Universidad San Martín de Porres
Consejería de Sanidad Junta de Castilla y León
Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre
Ilembula Lutheran Hospital
University of Kinshasa Hospital
Coimbra University Hospital Center
University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
Institute of Neuroscience of the National Research Council
Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute
Agricultural University of Athens
Academia VBHC
SB RAS Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics
Université Catholique de Bukavu
University of Northern British Columbia
University of Padua
University Medicine Greifswald
Hellenic Mediterranean University
Loughborough University
Ministry of Health
Lausanne University Hospital
University of Lausanne
Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Santa Catarina
CIBERCV
Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques
Mary Immaculate College
Hungarian Society of Sports Medicine
Paracelsus Medical University
Institute for Cancer Research
Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste
Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences
UiT The Arctic University of Norway
ICMR–National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research
Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
Centro de Estudos do Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul
Brown University
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
University of Edinburgh
Weill Cornell Medicine
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