The burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region 1990–2021: a cross-country systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050

Mestrovic T. Naghavi M. Robles Aguilar G. Davis Weaver N. Swetschinski L.R. Wool E.E. Araki D.T. Gershberg Hayoon A. Gray B A. Han C. Ikuta K.S. Rosenblad E. Aalruz H. Abd-Elsalam S. Abedi A. Abolhassani H. Aburuz S. Afzal S. Ahmad A. Ahmadzade A.M. Ahmed A. Ahmed H. Ali A. Ali Z. Ali L. Ali S.S. Al-Marwani S. Almidani O. Al-Rifai R.H. Al-Tawfiq J.A. Alzoubi K.H. Andretta Mendes J. Andrews J.R. Arabloo J. Arafat M. Athari S.S. Atout M.M.W. Azadnajafabad S. Aziz S. Azizian K. Barqawi H.J. Basharat Z. Bedi N. Berkley J.A. Bhattacharjee N.V. Brown C.S. Bustanji Y. Cooper B.S. Dash N.R. Dolecek C. Eckmanns T. Ed-Dra A. El Sayed I. Elhadi M. El-Huneidi W. Elias C. Ellis S. Elsohaby I. Eshrati B. Fahim A. Fatehizadeh A. Koya M.S.F. Feizkhah A. Garrett D.O. Ghazy R.M. Ghoba S. Giannakis K. Haddadi R. Hadei M. Halim S.A. Hamidi S. Hasaballah A.I. Hasan R.S. Hasani H. Haselbeck A.H. Hay B, C S. Hezam K. Hosseinzadeh M. Hsu R.L. Hussein N.R. Imam M.T. Iregbu K.C. Ismail F. Jafarzadeh A. Jalili M. Jalilzadeh Yengejeh R. Jamshidi E. Jomehzadeh N. Kamal Z. Kasraei H. Khamesipour F. Khidri F.F. Khusuwan S. Kuddus M. Kyu H.H. Mahmoud M.A. Makram DE, DF O. Malakan Rad E. Marks F. McManigal B. Memish Z.A. Merza M.A. Mohamed N.S. Mokdad A.H. Moodi Ghalibaf A. Moore C.E. Moradi Y. Mousavi P. Mturi F.N. Muzaffar M. Naghavi P. Najmuldeen H.H.R. Nargus S. Natto EA, EB Z. Nauman J. Naveed M. Niazi R.K. Olwoch P. Pathan A.R. Perna S. Pollard A.J. Qasim N.H. Rahim F. Rahimi-Movaghar V. Ramadan H. Redwan E. Rehman I.U. Reyes L.F. Rosenthal V.D. Runghien T. Saddik B.A. Saeed U. Saheb Sharif-Askari N. Sahebkar A. Saki M. Saleem Z. Saleh M.A. Samy A.M. Sartorius B. Shafie M. Shah H. Shahid S. Shahwan M.J. Shakoor S. Shamshirgaran M.A. Sharifan A. Siddig E.E. Simões E.A.F. Smith G. Soliman S.S.M. Stergachis A. Tabatabai S. Tavakoli Oliaee R. Temsah R. Tharwat S. Tigoi C. Ullah I. Ullah S. Vaithinathan A.G. Vollset S.E. Waheed Y. Walson GI J. Waqas M. Williams P.C.M. Yaghoubi S. Yuan C.-W. Zakham F. Zare I. Zeariya M.G.M. Murray C.J.L.
November 2025 Elsevier Ltd

The Lancet Public Health
2025 #10 Issue 11 e955 - e970 pp.

Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an urgent global crisis and one of the world's most complex challenges. Although there is increasing evidence of its impact on human mortality and morbidity, precise burden estimation has many challenges, and thus far has been elusive for the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Here, we present a comprehensive time-trend analysis of regional and country-level AMR burden estimates in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), between 1990 and 2021, with forecasts up to 2050. Methods We estimated deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to and associated with AMR for 11 infectious syndromes, 22 bacterial pathogens, and 84 pathogen–drug combinations for the WHO EMR and each of its countries from 1990 to 2021. Data were obtained from mortality registries, surveillance systems, hospital records, systematic literature reviews, and other sources. We based our modelling approach on five broad components: the number of deaths in which infection had a role, the proportion of infectious deaths attributable to a given infectious syndrome, the proportion of infectious syndrome deaths attributable to a given pathogen, the percentage of a given pathogen resistant to an antimicrobial drug of interest, and the excess risk of mortality (or duration of an infection) associated with this resistance. These components were then used to estimate the disease burden by using two counterfactual scenarios: deaths and DALYs attributable to AMR (considering an alternative scenario where drug-resistant infections are replaced with susceptible infections), and deaths and DALYs associated with AMR (considering an alternative scenario where infections would not occur at all). Predictive statistical modelling was applied to generate estimates of AMR burden for each country. We also generated AMR burden forecasts up to 2050. We generated 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for the final estimates by taking the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles across 500 draws through the multistage computational pipeline, and models were cross-validated for out-of-sample predictive validity. Findings We estimated 380 000 deaths (95% UI 332 000–426 000) associated with bacterial AMR and 92 800 deaths (78 300–111 000) attributable to bacterial AMR in the EMR in 2021. In the past 31 years, there was considerable variation in AMR mortality trends across countries of the region and different age groups. Between 1990 and 2021, associated deaths among children younger than 5 years decreased by 50·0% (38·2–62·0), while those among adults aged 70 and older rose by over 85·7% (95% UI 57·0–115·7). Six pathogens were identified as the primary generators of burden: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . A substantial increase in the AMR burden due to S aureus was observed between 1990 (28 200 deaths [21 600–34 000]) and 2021 (49 500 deaths [43 100–56 200]); consequently, in 2021, methicillin-resistant S aureus was a leading pathogen–drug combination for most countries in the region for deaths and DALYs attributable to, and associated with AMR. Somalia had the highest age-standardised mortality rates in the region: for deaths attributable to and associated with AMR per 100 000 population in both 1990 and 2021; conversely, the country with the lowest burden in the EMR was Qatar. By 2050, the number of deaths attributable to AMR in region is forecasted to reach 187 000 (157 000–223 000) and deaths associated with AMR were projected to reach 752 000 (629 000–879 000). Interpretation Our study shows that bacterial AMR has been a serious public health threat in the EMR for more than 30 years, with a substantial fatal and non-fatal burden for priority bacterial pathogens and pathogen–drug combinations. The magnitude of this issue, future projects, and the inadequate response capacity in many countries underscore the need for more stringent regional leadership in this field. The insights gained from this study can direct targeted mitigation strategies for individual countries within the region, aiding in resource allocation and funding decisions, and emphasising the need for collaborative multisectoral endeavours among nations to address this issue. Funding Wellcome Trust, and the UK Department of Health and Social Care using aid funding managed by the Fleming Fund.

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University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
Division of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
Department of Nursing, Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
Department of Emergency Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
College of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Department of Community Medicine, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
Department of Public Health, Public Health Institute, Lahore, Pakistan
College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
Department of Neuroscience, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
Pan-African One Health Institute (PAOHI), Kigali, Rwanda
Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
Independent Consultant, Amman, Jordan
Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
Department of Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
Division of Infectious Disease and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
Faculty of Nursing, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
Department of Microbiology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Alpha Genomics Private Limited, Islamabad, Pakistan
School of Public Health, Dr. D. Y. Patil University, Mumbai, India
Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
HCAI, Fungal, AMR, AMU, & Sepsis Division, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
Department of Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Oxford Centre for Global Health Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
Higher School of Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
Biomedical Informatics and Medical Statistics Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Service Hygiène, Epidémiologie, Infectiovigilance et Prévention, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
Public Health, Epidemiology & Evolutionary Ecology of Infectious Diseases (PHE3ID) Team, Inserm, Lyon, France
Global Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership (GARDP), Geneva, Switzerland
Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Department of Animal Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Oral Biology, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
AMR IPC Unit, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
Department of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Applied Epidemiology Program, Sabin Vaccine Institute, Washington, DC, United States
Tropical Health Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
Family and Community Medicine Department, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
GBD Collaborating Unit, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Climate Change and Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Department of Zoology and Entomology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Department of Ophthalmology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Interventions and Implementation Research Department, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
Department of Microbiology, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
School of Engineering and Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
Department of AI, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India
Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Zakho, Zakho, Iraq
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
Department of Medical Microbiology, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
Clinical Laboratory Department, Tobruk University, Tobruk, Libya
Department of Blood Transmitted Diseases, National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Tobruk, Libya
Department of Immunology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Department of Immunology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
Department of Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Department of Environmental Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Department of Microbiology, Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Dir Upper, Pakistan
Chongqing University of Chinese Medicines, Chongqing, China
Eye Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Food and Drug Research Center, Iran Food and Drug Administration, Tehran, Iran
Department of Biochemistry, Liaquat University Of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
Chiang Rai Prachanukroh Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Chiang Rai, Thailand
Department of Biochemistry, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Ashok and Rita Patel Institute of Physiotherapy, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarrah, Saudi Arabia
Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
Department of Cardiology, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt
Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Epidemiology, Public Health, Impact (EPIC), International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Research & Innovation Center, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
College of Pharmacy, Nawroz University, Duhok, Iraq
Molecular Biology Unit, Sirius Training and Research Centre, Khartoum, Sudan
Bio-Statistical and Molecular Biology Department, Sirius Training and Research Centre, Khartoum, Sudan
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Clinical Service Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
Department of Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Research Centre for Health Sciences (RCHS), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
College of Health Sciences, Cihan University Sulaimaniya, Sulaimaniya, Iraq
University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
University Institute of Public Health, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Department of Dental Public Health, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Department of Health Policy and Oral Epidemiology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Department of Biotechnology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
Molecular and Microbiology Department Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration (IDRC), Kampala, Uganda
Department of Pharmacology, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
Research Consultancy, Author Gate Publications, Malegaon, India
Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
Oxford Vaccine Group, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq
Department of Cybersecurity, Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Kyiv, Ukraine
Department of Internal Medicine, Osh State University, Osh, Kyrgyzstan
Director of Central Asia Research Collaboration Group, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Egypt
Department of Protein Research, Research and Academic Institution, Alexandria, Egypt
Department of Pharmacy, Abdul wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
Unisabana Center for Translational Science, Universidad de La Sabana (Savannah University), Chia, Colombia
Critical Care Department, Clinica Universidad De La Sabana (Savannah University Clinic), Chia, Colombia
Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary
International Center of Medical Sciences Research, Islamabad, Pakistan
Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Department of Microbiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Medical Ain Shams Research Institute (MASRI), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
Department of Pathobiology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
Department for Evidence-based Medicine and Evaluation, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, United States
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
Department of Medical Education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
Kenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
Department of Allied Health Sciences, Iqra University Chak Shahzad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain
NUST School of Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
Széchenyi István University, Gyor, Hungary
Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Department of Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hodeidah University, Hodeidah, Yemen
Research and Development Department, Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies, Shiraz, Iran
Department of Public Health, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia

University Centre Varazdin
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Department of Health Metrics Sciences
Nuffield Department of Medicine
University of Texas Health Science Center
Division of Infectious Diseases
Department of Nursing
Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases
Department of Emergency Medicine
Research Center for Immunodeficiencies
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics
College of Pharmacy
Department of Community Medicine
Department of Public Health
College of Medicine
Department of Neuroscience
Institute of Endemic Diseases
Pan-African One Health Institute (PAOHI)
Department of Biosciences
Department of Zoology
Department of Pharmacy
Department of Biological Sciences
Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology
Independent Consultant
Department of Urology
Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences
Institute of Public Health
Department of Specialty Internal Medicine
Department of Medicine
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Division of Infectious Disease and Geographic Medicine
Health Management and Economics Research Center
College of Pharmacy
Department of Immunology
Faculty of Nursing
Department of Surgery
Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
Department of Microbiology
Clinical Sciences Department
Alpha Genomics Private Limited
School of Public Health
Jazan University
Centre for Clinical Research
Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health
HCAI
Department of Infection
School of Pharmacy
Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences
Oxford Centre for Global Health Research
Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit
Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology
Higher School of Technology
Biomedical Informatics and Medical Statistics Department
College of Medicine
Houston Methodist Hospital
Department of Basic Medical Sciences
Service Hygiène
Public Health
Global Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership (GARDP)
Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health
Department of Animal Medicine
Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center
Department of Oral Biology
School of Engineering
AMR IPC Unit
Department of Social Medicine and Epidemiology
Applied Epidemiology Program
Tropical Health Department
Family and Community Medicine Department
GBD Collaborating Unit
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Department of Environmental Health Engineering
Climate Change and Health Research Center
Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center
School of Health and Environmental Studies
Department of Zoology and Entomology
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases
Department of Ophthalmology
Interventions and Implementation Research Department
Department of Microbiology
School of Medicine
School of Engineering and Technology
Department of AI
Department of Biomolecular Sciences
Department of Clinical Pharmacy
Department of Medical Microbiology
Department of Medical Microbiology
Clinical Laboratory Department
Department of Blood Transmitted Diseases
Department of Immunology
Department of Immunology
Department of Microbiology
Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
Department of Environmental Engineering
Johns Hopkins University
Department of Microbiology
Department of Microbiology
Department of Pharmacy
Chongqing University of Chinese Medicines
Eye Research Center
Health Policy Research Center
Food and Drug Research Center
Department of Biochemistry
Chiang Rai Prachanukroh Hospital
Department of Biochemistry
Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy
Department of Medicine
Department of Cardiology
Department of Pediatric Cardiology
Epidemiology
Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID)
Big Data Institute
College of Medicine
Research & Innovation Center
College of Pharmacy
Molecular Biology Unit
Bio-Statistical and Molecular Biology Department
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
Non-communicable Diseases Research Center
Clinical Service Department
Department of Technology
Research Centre for Health Sciences (RCHS)
Department of Computer Science
College of Health Sciences
University of Sulaimani
University Institute of Public Health
Department of Dental Public Health
Department of Health Policy and Oral Epidemiology
College of Medicine and Health Sciences
Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging
Department of Biotechnology
International Islamic University Islamabad
Molecular and Microbiology Department Laboratory
Department of Pharmacology
Research Consultancy
Department of Food
Department of Paediatrics
Oxford Vaccine Group
Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering
Department of Cybersecurity
Department of Internal Medicine
Director of Central Asia Research Collaboration Group
Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center
Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses
Department of Biological Sciences
Department of Protein Research
Department of Pharmacy
Unisabana Center for Translational Science
Critical Care Department
Department of Public Health Sciences
Department of Public Health and Epidemiology
School of Population Health
Széchenyi István University
International Center of Medical Sciences Research
Center for Global Health Research
Biotechnology Research Center
Department of Microbiology
Department of Pharmacy Practice
College of Medicine
Faculty of Pharmacy
Department of Entomology
Medical Ain Shams Research Institute (MASRI)
Faculty of Medicine
Department of Neurology
Faculty of Medicine
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research
Department of Pathobiology
Department for Evidence-based Medicine and Evaluation
Unit of Basic Medical Sciences
Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Colorado School of Public Health
Department of Medicinal Chemistry
Department of Pharmacy
Department of Medical Education
Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center
College of Pharmacy
Rheumatology and Immunology Unit
Kenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research Programme
Department of Allied Health Sciences
International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences
Department of Biology and Biochemistry
College of Health and Sport Sciences
NUST School of Health Sciences
Széchenyi István University
Department of Global Health
Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design
Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases
Department of Infectious Diseases
Department of Basic Medical Sciences
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
Research and Development Department
Department of Public Health

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