A Type-3 Fuzzy-Based Energy Control with Exponential Converging Law for Direct Current Microgrids Incorporating Solar Energy and Battery Energy Storage Systems

Mao J.-B. Tian M.-W. Omirgaliyev R. Zhakiyev N. Sarvenoee A.K. Mohammadzadeh A.
April 2026 Engineered Science Publisher

Engineered Science
2026 #40

To enhance large-signal direct current-bus voltage stability and ensure smooth power flow in DC microgrids (DCMGs) under uncertainties and external disturbances, this paper proposes an integral terminal sliding mode control (T3F-ISMC) strategy based on a Type-3 fuzzy logic system (T3-FLS) and integrated with a modified exponential reaching law (MERL). Unlike conventional methods, the proposed controller leverages the superior uncertainty-handling capabilities of T3-FLS to improve system resilience and dynamic responsiveness. The considered DCMG includes a solar photovoltaic (PV) array, a battery energy storage system (BESS), and multiple DC loads. A comprehensive dynamic model incorporating parametric uncertainties and external disturbances is developed for both the PV and BESS subsystems. The proposed T3-FLS-augmented ITSMC is applied to both converters, and system stability is verified using Lyapunovs theorem. Extensive simulation studies under diverse operating conditions, such as fluctuating solar irradiance and varying load demands, demonstrate the superiority of the designed control approach in terms of voltage regulation and disturbance rejection, thereby validating its effectiveness for practical DCMG applications. Furthermore, compared with the three conventional control methods the proposed method improves settling time by 10%, 33%, and 60%, respectively, and reduces overshoot/undershoot by 10%, 36%, and 47%, respectively.

Adaptive control , DC microgrid , Exponential reaching law , Integral terminal sliding mode control , Robust control , Solar energy , Storage systems , Type-3 fuzzy logic

Text of the article Перейти на текст статьи

School of Public Administration, Xiangtan University, Hunan, Xiangtan, 411105, China
School of Computer Engineering, Astana IT University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, MA, United States
School of Intelligent Systems, Astana IT University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
School of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, Astana IT University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Electrical and Electronics, Sakarya University, Sakarya, 54050, Turkey

School of Public Administration
School of Computer Engineering
Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies
School of Intelligent Systems
School of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science
Department of Electrical and Electronics

10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель

Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026