Linking environmental, social, and governance investment metrics to technology adoption and carbon reduction in global energy companies
Mamytova N.S. Sarbassova G.A. Mukanova K.A. Alzhanova L.A. Omarbekova M. Talgatbekova A. Shamshedenova S.S. Turakkazy A.A. Zhanseit F.K. Raimbekova U.K. Pangaliyev Y. Mkilima T.
March 2026GJESM Publication
Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management
2026#12Issue 2
Environmental, Social, and Governance investment metrics have rapidly evolved from voluntary disclosure instruments into strategic determinants of capital allocation within the global energy sector. Yet their functional linkage to technological transformation and measurable carbon reduction remains conceptually fragmented, often mediated by inconsistent reporting architectures and uneven governance enforcement. The objectives of this study were to examine how environmental, social, and governance investment signals shape technology adoption pathways and to assess the extent to which these signals translate into verifiable decarbonization outcomes across energy firms operating in both fossil intensive and low carbon segments. Synthesising emerging interdisciplinary evidence, the review analyses three interlocking mechanisms. First, capital reallocation through environmental, social, and governance weighted financing structures reshapes firm level investment incentives, lowering the cost of capital for low emission technologies while constraining carbon intensive asset expansion. Second, governance driven innovation mandates, including board oversight, executive remuneration alignment, and transition risk disclosure, institutionalise technological upgrading and emissions accountability. Third, social license pressures, expressed through stakeholder activism, community risk exposure, and reputational valuation, shape corporate adoption of decarbonization technologies and operational transparency. The review further interrogates methodological tensions in environmental, social, and governance measurement, including rating divergence across agencies, disclosure asymmetry between firms, data opacity in private markets, and greenwashing risk, all of which complicate causal attribution between environmental, social, and governance performance and emissions outcomes. By integrating financial, technological, and environmental literatures, the paper proposes a systems pathway framework linking environmental, social, and governance metrics to decarbonization through technology diffusion, operational optimisation, asset portfolio restructuring, and innovation spillovers. The review concludes that environmental, social, and governance metrics are most effective when embedded within regulatory alignment, science-based targets, transition taxonomies, and verifiable technology deployment indicators rather than disclosure volume alone. This synthesis clarifies how environmental, social, and governance investment logic can accelerate or constrain energy transition pathways depending on metric design, governance credibility, policy coherence, and technological absorptive capacity.
Carbon emissions , Eco Governance , Energy transition , Low-carbon technology , Sustainable finance
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Department of Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology, Kazakh Kulazhanov University of Technology and Business, 37A K. Mukhamedkhanova Street, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
NAO Kazakh National University of Water Management and Irrigation, Taraz, 080000, Kazakhstan
Department of Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology, Almaty Technological University, 100 Tole Bi Street, Almaty, 050012, Kazakhstan
Department of Technology and Design of Products and Goods, Almaty Technological University, 100 Tole Bi Street, Almaty, 050012, Kazakhstan
Department of Ecology, Kh. Dosmukhamedov Atyrau University, Atyrau, 060001, Kazakhstan
Branch director of “ECOSERVICE-S” LLP, Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, 050000, Kazakhstan
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Department of Ecology and Geology, Faculty of Engineering, Yessenov University, Aktau, 130000, Kazakhstan
Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, The University of Dodoma, 1 Benjamin Mkapa Road, Iyumbu, Dodoma, 41218, Tanzania
Department of Chemistry
NAO Kazakh National University of Water Management and Irrigation
Department of Chemistry
Department of Technology and Design of Products and Goods
Department of Ecology
Branch director of “ECOSERVICE-S” LLP
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Department of Ecology and Geology
Department of Environmental Engineering and Management
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