Fire blight cases in Almaty Region of Kazakhstan in the proximity of wild apple distribution area
Maltseva E.R. Zharmukhamedova G.A. Jumanova Z.K. Naizabayeva D.A. Berdygulova Z.A. Dmitriyeva K.A. Tezekbayeva B. Khassein A. Skiba Y.A. Malakhova N.P. Ismagulova G.A. Rezzonico F. Smits T.H.M.
August 2024Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Journal of Plant Pathology
2024#106Issue 3971 - 978 pp.
Fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora reached Kazakhstan in 2008. Here, the disease poses a threat not only to agricultural production of apples and pears, but also to the forests of wild Malus sieversii, the progenitor of most domesticated apple varieties worldwide. In the period 2019–2021, the spread of fire blight in the growth area of wild apples was limited by the weather conditions. In 2022, late spring and early summer were characterized by increased rainfall and moderate temperatures favorable for the disease. The goal of this study was to monitor the distribution of fire blight in private households and small orchards in the zones adjacent to wild apple distribution areas. A total of 91 samples with fire blight-compatible symptoms were collected from cultural apples (68), wild apple (10), pear (5), hawthorn (7), and quince (1) in south-eastern and eastern Kazakhstan, resulting in 21 isolates (one from pear, one from quince, and 19 from apple) of E. amylovora. All isolates belonged to the archetypal CRISPR genotype A. Considering the relative proximity of the infections to the forests of wild M. sieversii, additional measures for fire blight control and prevention will have to be implemented, including state monitoring of the wild apple forests for disease symptoms and awareness campaigns for specially protected natural territories that safeguard M. sieversii, as well as for local pomaceous-fruit growing communities.
Epidemiology , Erwinia amylovora , Genotyping , Malus sieversii , Wild apple trees
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Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Almaty Branch of National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Tethys Scientific Society, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Research Group, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Zürich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Wädenswil, Switzerland
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
Almaty Branch of National Center for Biotechnology
Tethys Scientific Society
Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Research Group
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