Synthetic Routes and Bioactivity Profiles of the Phenothiazine Privileged Scaffold
Malmakova A.E. Jones A.M.
December 2025Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Organics
2025#6Issue 4
This review offers a focused overview of the strategies used to build and modify phenothiazine (PTZ) derivatives. It covers both classical synthetic approaches and advances reported since 2014, including transition metal-catalyzed transformations and greener techniques, such as electrosynthesis, microwave-assisted reactions, and ultrasound-promoted methods. Each strategy is evaluated with respect to efficiency, scalability, and sustainability. In parallel, the review surveys the diverse bioactivity profiles of PTZ derivatives, ranging from antipsychotic, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities to emerging applications in photodynamic therapy and neuroprotection. By correlating synthetic accessibility with biological potential, this review provides an integrated perspective that highlights advances achieved since 2014 and outlines future opportunities for rational PTZ design and applications.
Alzheimer’s , analgesic , anticancer , antidiabetic , antioxidant , antitubercular , phenothiazine , synthesis
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Laboratory «Advanced Materials and Technologies», Kazakh-British Technical University, Almaty, 050000, Kazakhstan
Bekturov Institute of Chemical Sciences, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan
School of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
Laboratory «Advanced Materials and Technologies»
Bekturov Institute of Chemical Sciences
School of Pharmacy
10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель
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