Fabrication of an electrochemical sensor based on magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer for detection of sunset yellow dye
Malik S. Ahmad W. Khan A. Rahman G. Khan S. Sotomayor M.D.P.T. da Silva Acioly T.M. Hasan M.A. Ydyrys A. Ilyas M.
December 2026Nature Research
Scientific Reports
2026#16Issue 1
Sunset Yellow (SY) is a widely used synthetic azo dye in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, but its excessive release poses serious health and environmental risks. In this study, a magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP)-based electrochemical sensor was developed for the selective detection of SY using 1-vinylpyridine as the functional monomer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed irregular particle morphologies with an average diameter of approximately 69 nm, attributed to surface cavities formed during the imprinting process. Batch sorption experiments confirmed the high specificity of the MMIPs, with a maximum sorption capacity of 80 mg g− 1 under optimal conditions (pH 2, sorbent dosage 2 mg, contact time 18 min). Sorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, and adsorption behavior was best described by the Langmuir isotherm, indicating monolayer adsorption. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the fabricated sensor exhibited high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability for SY detection. The sensor performed optimally at pH 7, an accumulation time of 60 s, and a concentration of 1.5 × 10⁻³ M, with recovery values of 72.9–99.3% in real water and beverage samples, highlighting its practical applicability for environmental and food analysis. The LOD and LOQ values were found to be 5.82 × 10− 5 M and 1.76 × 10− 4 M, respectively. These results confirm the effectiveness of MMIP-based platforms for rapid, accurate, and selective monitoring of synthetic dyes in complex matrices.
1-vinylpyridine , Azo dye , Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer , Sorption , Voltammetry
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Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120, Pakistan
Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, RS, Pelotas, Brazil
Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering (PPGCEM), Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Sertão Pernambucano (IFSertãoPE), Campus Floresta, Pernambuco, Floresta, 56400-000, Brazil
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
Biomedical Research Centre, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Sattarkhanov Ave. 29, Turkistan, 161200, Kazakhstan
Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCA), State University of Maranhão (UEMA), São Luís, Maranhão, 65080-400, Brazil
Institute of Chemical Sciences
Center for Chemical
Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering (PPGCEM)
Institute of Chemistry
Federal Institute of Education
Department of Civil Engineering
Biomedical Research Centre
Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University
Department of Environmental Sciences
Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCA)
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