Features of Solar Activity Manifestations in Cosmic Rays on May 10–11, 2024
Makhmutov V.S. Bazilevskaya G.A. Philippov M.V. Stozhkov Y.I. Tulnikov E.D. Erkhov V.I. Morzabaev A.K. Tulekov E.A. Raulin J.-P. Takza J.
December 2025Pleiades Publishing
Cosmic Research
2025#63Issue 6541 - 549 pp.
Abstract: The paper presents the results of an analysis of solar and geomagnetic activity and cosmic-ray flux variations during the period of May 10–11, 2024. During that time, the largest geomagnetic storm in the past 20 years occurred, caused by the arrival of several coronal mass ejections to the Earth, which triggered a Forbush decrease in galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) over that period. This event was recorded by the global network of ground-based neutron monitors (NMs). It is a distinctive feature of this period that, along with a significant decrease in GCR fluxes during the main phase of the geomagnetic storm, a flux of high-energy solar cosmic rays (SCR) was detected in near-Earth space by the GOES and SOHO spacecraft. The source of these particles was a powerful solar flare of class X5.8/2B (coordinates S17W44), which began on May 11 at 01:10 UT. SCR fluxes across a wide energy range were first observed almost simultaneously on spacecraft, and at ~02:10 UT, a short-term increase in cosmic-ray intensity was recorded by high-latitude ground-based NMs, identified as GLE 74. Thus, ground-based instruments showed a complex behavior of particle fluxes due to the superposition of SCR fluxes on the modulated GCR fluxes during the Forbush decrease. The main focus of the study is to assess the possible contribution of SCR fluxes to the observed increase in NM count rates. The analysis uses data from the network of ground-based NMs as well as cosmic ray measurements from the KOVER instrument and neutron detectors located at the Dolgoprudny Scientific Station of the Lebedev Physical Institute (Russia), at Eurasian National University (Kazakhstan), and at the CASLEO astronomical complex (Argentina). The SCR energy spectra are determined using measurement data from the GOES and SOHO satellites. The cosmic-ray flux measurements are analyzed in conjunction with solar, interplanetary, and geomagnetic activity data.
Forbush decrease , geomagnetic disturbances , solar activity , solar and galactic cosmic rays , solar flares
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Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Moscow oblast, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russian Federation
Eurasian National University, Аstana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo, 01302-907, Brazil
Lebedev Physical Institute
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University)
Eurasian National University
Mackenzie Presbyterian University
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