Exploring the population structure and genetic diversity in apple germplasm using iPBS-retrotransposon markers
Madenova A. Kuan A. Ali A. Nadeem M.A. Altaf M.T. Kabylbekova B. Kaldybaeva D. Turdiyev T. Baloch F.S.
2024TUBITAK
Turkish Journal of Botany
2024#48Issue Special Issue 1454 - 465 pp.
Apple (Malus domestica [Suckow] Borkh) holds global economic and cultural value, particularly in temperate regions. This study investigates the genetic variations among 52 apple accessions from three research centre’s in Kazakhstan, employing the iPBS-retrotransposons marker system. Of the 35 markers initially screened, 12 highly polymorphic markers were selected for PCR amplification, producing 280 bands, 279 of which were polymorphic, yielding a polymorphism rate of 99.64%. Genetic diversity indices revealed notable variability with the effective number of alleles (ne = 1.655), Shannon’s information index (I = 0.373), gene diversity (h = 0.549), and an average genetic distance of 1.2. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) demonstrated that 97% of the genetic variation occurred within the population. STRUCTURE analysis divided the germplasm into two distinct populations and one unclassified population based on collection centers. Both the neighbor-joining tree and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) supported these results, confirming the genetic separation into two groups. This study highlighted the significant genetic diversity among apple accessions, demonstrating the effectiveness of the iPBS-retrotransposons marker system. Additionally, the highest genetic distance (1.2) observed between the Tyulpan and Red Chief samples, positions these accessions as suitable and promising candidates for future breeding initiatives.
analysis of molecular variance , apple germplasm , DNA markers , genetic diversity , population structure
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Plants Micropropagation Laboratory, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Turkey
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
Kazakh Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Dapartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, South Korea
Plants Micropropagation Laboratory
Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies
Department of Field Crops
Kazakh Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute
Dapartment of Biotechnology
Department of Plant Resources and Environment
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