A roadmap to gamma-ray bursts: New developments and applications to cosmology
Luongo O. Muccino M.
October 2021MDPI
Galaxies
2021#9Issue 4
Gamma-ray bursts are the most powerful explosions in the universe and are mainly placed at very large redshifts, up to z ≃ 9. In this short review, we first discuss gamma-ray burst classification and morphological properties. We then report the likely relations between gamma-ray bursts and other astronomical objects, such as black holes, supernovae, neutron stars, etc., discussing in detail gamma-ray burst progenitors. We classify long and short gamma-ray bursts, working out their timescales, and introduce the standard fireball model. Afterwards, we focus on direct applications of gamma-ray bursts to cosmology and underline under which conditions such sources would act as perfect standard candles if correlations between photometric and spectroscopic properties were not jeopardized by the circularity problem. In this respect, we underline how the shortage of low-z gammaray bursts prevents anchor gamma-ray bursts with primary distance indicators. Moreover, we analyze in detail the most adopted gamma-ray burst correlations, highlighting their main differences. We therefore show calibration techniques, comparing such treatments with non-calibration scenarios. For completeness, we discuss the physical properties of the correlation scatters and systematics occurring during experimental computations. Finally, we develop the most recent statistical methods, star formation rate, and high-redshift gamma-ray burst excess and show the most recent constraints obtained from experimental analyses.
Calibration , Circularity problem , Cosmography , Cosmological parameters , Dark energy , Dark matter , Fireball model , Gamma ray bursts , Standard candles
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Scuola di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università di Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino, 62032, Italy
Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 5, Pisa, 56127, Italy
National Nanotechnology Laboratory of Open Type (NNLOT), Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi av. 71, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Frascati, 00044, Italy
Scuola di Scienze e Tecnologie
Dipartimento di Matematica
National Nanotechnology Laboratory of Open Type (NNLOT)
Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati
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