The Supply of Macro- and Microelements to Cotton Plants at Different Distances from a Fertilizer Production Factory
Litvinovich A. Lavrishchev A. Bure V.M. Turebayeva S. Kenzhegulova S. Dutbayev A. Slyamova N. Zhapparova A. Saljnikov E.
December 2023Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Agronomy
2023#13Issue 12
Environmental pollution from industrial factories via air deposition is an urgent problem worldwide. Phosphate fertilizers, derived from rock phosphate, are characterized by the presence of potentially toxic elements, such as Zn, Co, Pb, Ni, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Cu, which are dispersed in the form of solid dust-like materials from the pipes of the factory. This study aimed to investigate the effects of airborne industrial emissions on the chemical and biochemical compositions of cotton grown in the immediate vicinity of a fertilizer factory in Uzbekistan. The composition of airborne dust deposited on the plants, the chemical composition of the cotton leaves before and after washing, as well as that of above- and below-ground plant organs, and their protein contents were determined. The concentrations of macro- and microelements in the leaves and roots were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The fluorine contents in the leaves and in the roots were determined using a fluorine-selective electrode. The radius of dispersion of industrial emissions in the air was best described by measuring the fluorine contents in washed and unwashed cotton leaves. The relationships among P, K, Mg, Ca, S, F, and Mn in plant roots and leaves as a function of distance from the pollutant source were analyzed. Based on the fluorine contents in washed and unwashed cotton leaves, the two following zones of technogenic pollution were distinguished: the zone < 5 km from the factory, with high technogenic pollution, and the zone > 5 km from the factory, with moderate technogenic pollution. It was found that the resistance of cotton to air pollution from industrial emissions is determined by the ability of cotton plants to neutralize toxic compounds by increasing the influx of alkaline earth metals into the affected tissues. This study showed the possibility of growing cotton at a distance of >5 km from the fertilizer factory. It is strongly recommended to analyze the chemical composition of plants located in a highly polluted zone only after the dust particles have been washed off of the plant’s surface. Despite the resilience of cotton to industrial pollution, the monitoring of areas identified as pollution zones is recommended.
alkali earth metals , cotton , fluorine , industrial pollution , microelements , plant tissues , sulfur
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Agrophysical Research Institute, Grazhdanskya 14, St. Petersburg, 195220, Russian Federation
Department of Agrochemistry and Soil Science, St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, Peterburgskoye 2, St. Petersburg, 196601, Russian Federation
Department of Mathematical Game Theory and Statistical Solutions, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Abai Avenue 8, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan
Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Ave. Zhenis 62, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing, Erlepesova Street 1, Almalybak, Almaty, 040909, Kazakhstan
Mitscherlich Academy for Soil Fertility (MITAK), Prof.-Mitscherlich-Allee 1, Paulinenaue, 14641, Germany
Institute of Soil Science, Teodora Drajzera 7, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
Agrophysical Research Institute
Department of Agrochemistry and Soil Science
Department of Mathematical Game Theory and Statistical Solutions
Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry
Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry
Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing
Mitscherlich Academy for Soil Fertility (MITAK)
Institute of Soil Science
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