Smart technology for public health: reshaping the future of food safety
Liberty J.T. Bromage S. Peter E. Ihedioha O.C. Alsalman F.B. Odogwu T.S.
October 2025Elsevier Ltd
Food Control
2025#176
The food consumed globally, a fundamental element of life, is under threat from the rising complexities of modern supply chains and global distribution networks. As these networks expand, so do the risks of contamination, quality degradation, and safety breaches, jeopardizing billions of lives and eroding trust in the global food supply. This paper explores how smart technologies—blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and digital twins—are reshaping food safety through transparency, real-time monitoring, and predictive risk management. Key case studies illustrate their implementation and impact, including blockchains role in rapid traceability, AIs predictive risk assessment capabilities, IoTs support for continuous monitoring, and digital twins predictive simulations to prevent hazards. These tools collectively promote sustainability, operational efficiency, and consumer trust. Yet, widespread adoption remains challenged by technical, financial, and regulatory barriers. This review also tackles the socio-economic implications of smart technologies in food safety, highlighting disparities in technology access, particularly in developing regions. A systematic literature search using databases such as Scopus and Web of Science were conducted to synthesize peer-reviewed studies, industry reports, and case examples over the last decade. By integrating technical advances with socio-economic insights, this work offers a holistic perspective on the smart tech transformation in food safety. Accordingly, it presents a call to action for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers to build a resilient, inclusive, and technology-enabled global food safety system—one that ensures every meal is safe, high-quality, and reflective of the power of innovation and cooperation.
Artificial intelligence , Blockchain , Digital twins , Food safety , Internet of things , Smart technologies
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FEEH Innovations, 38 Maple Street, Montreal, H9X 2E6, QC, Canada
Community Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building 2, Boston, 02115, MA, United States
Department of Public Health, Nazarbayev University, School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, 68198-6842, NE, United States
Food Security Program, Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait
Aston Medical School, College of Health & Life Sciences, Aston University, United Kingdom
FEEH Innovations
Community Nutrition Unit
Department of Nutrition
Department of Public Health
Department of Pathology
Food Security Program
Aston Medical School
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