CRISPR revolution: Unleashing precision pathogen detection to safeguard public health and food safety

Liberty J.T. Bromage S. Peter E. Ihedioha O.C. Alsalman F.B. Odogwu T.S.
August 2025 Academic Press Inc.

Methods
2025 #240 180 - 194 pp.

Foodborne pathogens represent a significant challenge to global food safety, causing widespread illnesses and economic losses. The growing complexity of food supply chains and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance necessitate rapid, sensitive, and portable diagnostic tools. CRISPR technology has emerged as a transformative solution, offering unparalleled precision and adaptability in pathogen detection. This review explores CRISPRs role in addressing critical gaps in traditional and modern diagnostic methods, emphasizing its advantages in sensitivity, specificity, and scalability. CRISPR-based diagnostics, such as Cas12 and Cas13 systems, enable rapid detection of bacterial and viral pathogens, as well as toxins and chemical hazards, directly in food matrices. Their integration with isothermal amplification techniques and portable biosensors enhances field applicability, making them ideal for decentralized and real-time testing. Additionally, CRISPRs potential extends beyond food safety, contributing to public health efforts by monitoring antimicrobial resistance and supporting One Health frameworks. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, including issues with performance in complex food matrices, scalability, and regulatory barriers. This review highlights future directions, including AI integration for assay optimization, the development of universal CRISPR platforms, and the adoption of sustainable diagnostic solutions. By tackling these challenges, CRISPR has the potential to redefine global food safety standards and create a more resilient food system. Collaborative research and innovation will be critical to fully unlocking its transformative potential in food safety and public health.

Antimicrobial resistance , CRISPR diagnostics , Food safety , Pathogen detection , Portable biosensors , Public health monitoring

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FEEH Innovations, 38 Maple Street, Montreal, H9X 2E6, QC, Canada
Community Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Phutthamonthon, 73170, Thailand
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building 2, Boston, 02115, MA, United States
Department of Public Health, Nazarbayev University, School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, 68198-6842, NE, United States
Food Security Program, Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait
Aston Medical School, College of Health & Life Sciences, Aston University, United Kingdom

FEEH Innovations
Community Nutrition Unit
Department of Nutrition
Department of Public Health
Department of Pathology
Food Security Program
Aston Medical School

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