Database of soil properties incorporating organic content from roots and soil organisms for regional slope stabilisation
Li Y. Rangarajan S. Rahardjo H. Shen Y. Hamdany A.H. Satyanaga A. Leong E.C. Wong S.K. Wang C.L. Kew H. Htoo Naing T. Poh C.H. Ghosh S.
December 2025Nature Research
Scientific Reports
2025#15Issue 1
The effectiveness of using vegetation to reinforce slopes is influenced by the soil and vegetation characteristics. Hence, this study pioneers the construction of an extensive soil database using random forest machine learning and ordinary kriging methods, focusing on the influence of plant roots on the saturated and unsaturated properties of residual soils. Soil organic content, which includes contributions from both soil organisms and roots, functions as a key factor in estimating soil hydraulic and mechanical properties influenced by vegetation roots. This innovative approach of using organic content to estimate soil properties performs well when applied to machine learning models for soil database development. The results reveal that organic content markedly affects the hydraulic properties of soils, more than their mechanical properties. The finding illustrates the importance of exploring the hydraulic effects of vegetation on slope stability in addition to the traditional emphasis on mechanical reinforcement. This rooted soil database has practical applications in GIS-based analyses for mapping regional slope stability, incorporating the role of plant roots. A case study demonstrated the database’s utility, showcasing that vegetation effectively limited rainwater infiltration and improved slope stability. Therefore, this research offers a valuable approach to improving slope stability through informed vegetation strategies.
Machine learning , Rooted soil database , Slope stability , Unsaturated soil
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Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, 23 College Walk, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia
School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Civil Engineering, Post Graduate Program, Universitas Bina Darma, Palembang, 30111, Indonesia
Housing and Development Board, Building and Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
Centre for Urban Greenery and Ecology, National Parks Board, Headquarters, Singapore Botanic Gardens, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
Department of Civil Engineering
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering
School of Engineering and Digital Sciences
Department of Civil Engineering
Housing and Development Board
Centre for Urban Greenery and Ecology
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