SVM-Based Optical Detection of Retinal Ganglion Cell Apoptosis
Kulmaganbetov M. Bevan R. Want A. Anantrasirichai N. Achim A. Albon J. Morgan J.
February 2025Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Photonics
2025#12Issue 2
Background: Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss is crucial in eye diseases like glaucoma. Axon damage and dendritic degeneration precede cell death, detectable within optical coherence tomography (OCT) resolution, indicating their correlation with neuronal degeneration. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the optical changes of early retinal degeneration. Methods: The detection of optical changes in the axotomised retinal explants was completed in six C57BL/6J mice. OCT images were acquired up to 120 min from enucleation. A grey-level co-occurrence-based texture analysis was performed on the inner plexiform layer (IPL) to monitor changes in the optical speckles using a principal component analysis (PCA) and a support vector machine (SVM). In parallel tests, retinal transparency was confirmed by a comparison of the modulation transfer functions (MTFs) at 0 and 120 min. Results: Quantitative confirmation by analysis of the MTFs confirmed the non-degradation of optical transparency during the imaging period: MTF (fx) = 0.267 ± 0.02. Textural features in the IPL could discriminate between the optical signals of RGC degeneration. The mean accuracy of the SVM classification was 86.3%; discrimination was not enhanced by the combination of the SVM and PCA (81.9%). Conclusions: Optical changes in the IPL can be detected using OCT following RGC axotomy. High-resolution OCT can provide an index of retinal neuronal integrity and its degeneration.
modulation transfer function , optical coherence tomography , principal component analysis , retinal ganglion cell , support vector machine
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School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, CF24, Cardiff, 4HQ, United Kingdom
Glaucoma Department, Kazakh Eye Research Institute, A05H2A8, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, CF24, Cardiff, 4HQ, United Kingdom
Visual Information Laboratory, University of Bristol, BS8, Bristol, 1TH, United Kingdom
School of Optometry and Vision Sciences
Glaucoma Department
Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR)
UK Dementia Research Institute
Visual Information Laboratory
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