Physicochemical Properties and Adsorption Mechanisms of Bentonite–Sawdust-Derived Carbon Composites
Kudaibergenova R.M. Nurlybayev O.N. Kazarinov I. Nurlybayeva A.N. Orynbayev S.A. Murzakasymova N.S. Baibazarova E.A. Kabdushev A.A.
January 2026Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Water (Switzerland)
2026#18Issue 2
The escalating global water crisis necessitates the development of efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective remediation technologies. This review highlights bentonite–sawdust-derived carbon composites as a promising class of adsorbents for the removal of diverse water pollutants. The synthesis strategies, physicochemical properties, key interfacial adsorption mechanisms, and adsorption performance toward different pollutant categories are systematically discussed. These hybrid materials exhibit synergistically enhanced properties, including increased surface area, optimized porosity, abundant functional groups, tunable surface charge, and improved structural stability, often outperforming the individual components. Their effectiveness has been demonstrated for both heavy metals (e.g., Cd and Pb) and organic contaminants (e.g., dyes and pharmaceuticals), governed by a combination of ion exchange, electrostatic attraction, π–π interactions, and pore-filling mechanisms. Current challenges related to large-scale production, long-term stability, and regeneration are critically evaluated, and future research directions for the sustainable application of these composites in advanced water treatment systems are outlined.
adsorption , bentonite , dyes , heavy metals , pharmaceuticals , regeneration , sawdust-derived carbon , water treatment
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Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Technology, M.Kh. Dulaty Taraz University, Taraz, 080000, Kazakhstan
Department of Physical Chemistry, Saratov State University, Saratov, 410000, Russian Federation
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
Department of Physical Chemistry
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Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026