On solar sources of interplanetary disturbances leading to high-energy magnetospheric electron enhancements in geostationary orbit
Kryakunova O.N. Seifullina B.B. Tsepakina I.L. Shlyk N.S. Abunin A.A. Abunina M.A. Belov A.V. Nikolayevskiy N.F.
1 August 2025Oxford University Press
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
2025#541Issue 2911 - 918 pp.
Based on measurements of magnetospheric electron fluxes with energies >2 MeV in geostationary orbits, solar wind (SW) velocity, and geomagnetic activity for the period 1995–2023, a catalogue of electron flux enhancements (with fluence exceeding 108 particles cm−2 st−1 d−1) has been compiled. For the events of this catalogue, interplanetary disturbances have been determined, after which high-energy electron fluxes (HEEF) begin to increase, and their solar sources have been established. It is found that in 97.2 per cent of cases, one of the solar sources of interplanetary disturbances that led to electron flux increases were high-speed streams from coronal holes (HSSs from CHs), in particular only HSSs from CHs were observed in 52.5 per cent of events, and in the remaining cases, HSSs from CHs were observed together with coronal mass ejections (CMEs) after solar flares and/or filaments disappearance. The average behaviour of the HEEF, SW velocity, and geomagnetic activity indices for events associated with the arrival of an HSS from CH to the Earth is obtained. It is shown that electron flux enhancements events associated with interplanetary disturbances from HSSs from CHs and from CMEs differ in duration and maximum electron fluence.
solar–terrestrial relations – solar wind
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Institute of the Ionosphere, Almaty, 050020, Kazakhstan
Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation (IZMIRAN), Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russian Federation
Institute of the Ionosphere
Lebedev Physical Institute
Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism
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