Specific Features of Immune Response in Patients with Different Asthma Endotypes Following Immunization with a Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine
Kostinov A.M. Konishcheva A.Y. Protasov A.D. Kostinov M.P. Polishchuk V.B. Zhestkov A.V. Yastrebova N.E. Kostinova A.M. Musagulova Z.S. Prutskova E.V.
May 2025Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Vaccines
2025#13Issue 5
Background: Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by variable bronchial obstruction, hyper-responsiveness, and inflammation. Evaluating the immunological changes following pneumococcal immunization in patients with different asthma endotypes is of great importance. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PCV13 on the clinical parameters and the changes over time in the levels of the main cytokines in asthma patients. Methods: This was a single-center, open-label, non-randomized, prospective, cohort, controlled study of 31 patients aged 18 to 80 with a known diagnosis of asthma. The study subjects were given one injection of PCV13. Their clinical parameters and serum concentrations of certain Th1/Th2/Treg cytokines were assessed over a year following the vaccination. Results: Compared to the pre-vaccination period, there was an 81.5% reduction in the number of patients with asthma exacerbations (p < 0.001), a 76.5% increase in the number of patients free from hospitalization (p < 0.001), and an improvement in the level of asthma control. Positive changes were observed both in patients with T2-high and T2-low asthma; however, only those with T2-low asthma showed a significant improvement in the level of asthma control. Significant changes were reported for IFN-γ: its serum concentrations increased six weeks following the vaccination (p < 0.05), primarily in patients with T2-high asthma. Conclusions: In asthma patients, immunization with PCV13 was clinically effective, irrespective of the asthma endotype. Its clinical effects were accompanied by a reduction in the rates of exacerbations and hospitalizations and an increase in IFN-γ serum levels. This finding suggests that this cytokine plays an important role in restoring immune response in asthma patients.
asthma , asthma endotypes , atopy , cytokines , IFN-γ , IgE , pneumococcal vaccine
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Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, 80138, Italy
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Allergology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Samara State Medical University», Samara, 443099, Russian Federation
Laboratory of Vaccine Prevention and Immunotherapy of Allergic Diseases, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera», Moscow, 105064, Russian Federation
Department of Epidemiology and Modern Vaccination Technologies, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical University «Reaviz», Samara, 443030, Russian Federation
Laboratory of Immunochemical Diagnostics, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera», Moscow, 105064, Russian Federation
Almaty City Health Department, State Municipal Enterprise Under the Right of Economic Management «Children’s City Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital», Almaty, 050026, Kazakhstan
Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Ecology and Physical Education, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ulyanovsk State University», Ulyanovsk, 432007, Russian Federation
Department of Experimental Medicine
Department of Microbiology
Laboratory of Vaccine Prevention and Immunotherapy of Allergic Diseases
Department of Epidemiology and Modern Vaccination Technologies
Department of Clinical Medicine
Laboratory of Immunochemical Diagnostics
Almaty City Health Department
Department of Pediatrics
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